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Part
1
2
3
4
5
6
EXPENDITURE
As in the
case of income, affected households are also poorer than
non-affected households when expenditure is used a measure of
socio-economic status (Table 29 and Figure 8). Average monthly
household expenditure, per capita monthly expenditure and adult
equivalent monthly expenditure are lower in the affected group
of households than in the non-affected group. Although
differences are not that pronounced in terms of total household
expenditure, the fact that affected households are larger means
that per capita and adult equivalent expenditure is between 60
and 70 % of the levels of expenditure in non-affected
households.
Table
29: Expenditure and expenditure patterns
|
|
Welkom Affected |
Welkom Non-affected |
QwaQwa Affected |
QwaQwa Non-affected |
Total |
Total Affected |
Total Non-Affected
|
P
|
|
Average monthly household expenditure (Rands) |
1178 |
1414 |
627 |
968 |
1045 |
900 |
1187 |
0.035 |
|
Average monthly per capita expenditure (Rands) |
244 |
373 |
157 |
266 |
260 |
200 |
319 |
<0.001 |
|
Average monthly adult equivalent expenditure (Rands) |
445 |
619 |
264 |
435 |
440 |
354 |
525 |
0.002 |
Sample size (n)
|
99 |
100 |
101 |
104 |
404 |
200 |
204 |
|
|
Average food expenditure |
|
Average monthly food expenditure (Rands) |
392 |
412 |
248 |
315 |
341 |
320 |
362 |
0.098 |
|
Average monthly per capita food expenditure (Rands) |
80 |
104 |
63 |
92 |
85 |
71 |
98 |
<0.001 |
|
Average monthly adult equivalent food expenditure
(Rands) |
146 |
175 |
106 |
146 |
143 |
126 |
160 |
0.001 |
Sample size (n)
|
97 |
99 |
98 |
103 |
397 |
195 |
202 |
|
|
Composition of total expenditure (%): |
|
Regular monthly expenditure |
95.4 |
94.9 |
88.0 |
86.4 |
91.1 |
91.7 |
90.5 |
0.003 |
|
Remittances |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.856 |
|
Once-off expenditure |
3.7 |
4.2 |
6.3 |
6.8 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
0.596 |
|
Total |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Composition of regular expenditure (%): |
|
Food |
48.6 |
44.3 |
53.5 |
52.5 |
49.8 |
51.1 |
48.5 |
0.247 |
|
Education |
2.9 |
5.2 |
1.4 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
2.1 |
4.5 |
0.005 |
|
Health care |
3.3 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
2.0 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
0.299 |
|
Household maintenance |
19.3 |
18.8 |
21.0 |
21.7 |
20.2 |
20.1 |
20.3 |
0.925 |
|
Transport |
8.5 |
9.6 |
5.5 |
5.0 |
7.1 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
0.799 |
|
Clothing |
2.6 |
2.5 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
0.336 |
|
Rent |
3.0 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
0.9 |
0.082 |
|
Personal items |
3.1 |
4.0 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.7 |
0.229 |
|
Durables |
8.8 |
9.5 |
7.8 |
8.1 |
8.5 |
8.3 |
8.8 |
0.752 |
|
Total |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Note: The
sample sizes differ from the interviewed samples in Table 1
because data were not available for all households.
It is also
important to look at differences in expenditure on food,
particularly insofar as lower levels of expenditure may impact
negatively on the nutritional status of household members.
Affected households spend less on food than non-affected
households, with per capita and adult equivalent levels of
expenditure on food representing between 70 and 80 % of the
levels of expenditure in non-affected households. In the longer
run, this may contribute to malnutrition amongst household
members (Figure 9).
Just more
than 90% of household expenditure consists of regular monthly
household expenditure. Approximately 5% are irregular
expenditure occurring less frequently, while less than 1% of
expenditure consists of remittances to people outside the
household. Important in terms of understanding the impact of
HIV/AIDS on the economy are differences in expenditure patterns.
The following differences can be observed in the composition of
regular monthly expenditure (Table 29). Affected households, in
terms of the composition of household expenditure, allocate
relatively MORE of their resources on food, health care and rent
and LESS to education, clothing, personal items and durables
when compared to non-affected households. Differences in the
share of expenditure allocated to household maintenance and
transport and relatively small and may not indicate significant
differences in patterns of expenditure.
Table 30: Expenditure patterns in
affected households by presence of morbidity and of mortality
|
|
Morbidity |
P |
Mortality |
P |
|
Illness |
No
illness |
Death |
No
death |
|
Composition of regular expenditure (%): |
|
Food |
51.9 |
48.7 |
0.392 |
53.0 |
50.6 |
0.548 |
|
Education |
1.5 |
3.6 |
0.055 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
0.736 |
|
Health care |
4.6 |
3.7 |
0.625 |
5.0 |
4.2 |
0.662 |
|
Household maintenance |
20.6 |
18.8 |
0.438 |
17.6 |
20.8 |
0.209 |
|
Transport |
7.8 |
4.7 |
0.121 |
6.5 |
7.1 |
0.804 |
|
Clothing |
1.7 |
3.3 |
0.145 |
3.2 |
1.8 |
0.255 |
|
Rent |
1.8 |
2.9 |
0.395 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
0.962 |
|
Personal items |
2.8 |
3.3 |
0.523 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
0.430 |
|
Durables |
7.4 |
10.9 |
0.148 |
8.4 |
|