C. Documentation of chronic impairment of gas exchange.

1. Arterial blood gas studies (ABGS). An ABGS performed at rest (while breathing room air, awake and sitting or standing) should be analyzed in a laboratory certified by a State or Federal agency. If the laboratory is not certified, it must submit evidence of participation in a national proficiency testing program as well as acceptable quality control at the time of testing. The report should include the altitude of the facility and the barometric pressure on the date of analysis.

Purchase of resting ABGS may be appropriate when there is a question of whether an impairment meets or is equivalent in severity to a listing, and the claim cannot otherwise be favorably decided. Before purchasing resting ABGS, a program physician, preferably one experienced in the care of children with pulmonary disease, must review the clinical and laboratory data short of this procedure, including spirometry, to determine whether obtaining the test would present a significant risk to the child.

2. Oximetry. Pulse oximetry may be substituted for arterial blood gases in children under 12 years of age. The oximetry unit should employ the basic technology of spectrophotometric plethysmography as described in Taylor, M.B., and Whitwain, J.G., "Current Status of Pulse Oximetry," "Anesthesia," Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 943-949, 1986. The unit should provide a visual display of the pulse signal and the corresponding oxygen saturation. A hard copy of the readings (heart rate and saturation) should be provided. Readings should be obtained for a minimum of 5 minutes. The written report should describe patient activity during the recording, i.e., sleep rate, feeding, or exercise. Correlation between the actual heart rate determined by a trained observer and that displayed by the oximeter should be provided. A statement should be made in the report of the child's effort and cooperation during the test.

Purchase of oximetry may be appropriate when there is a question of whether an impairment meets or is equivalent in severity to a listing, and the claim cannot otherwise be favorably decided.

D. Cystic fibrosis is a disorder that affects either the respiratory or digestive body systems or both and may impact on a child's growth and development. It is responsible for a wide and variable spectrum of clinical manifestations and complications. Confirmation of the diagnosis is based upon an elevated sweat sodium concentration or chloride concentration accompanied by one or more of the following: the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic function, meconium ileus, or a positive family history. The quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis procedure for collection of sweat content must be utilized. Two methods are acceptable: the "Procedure for the Quantitative Iontophoretic Sweat Test for Cystic Fibrosis," published by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and contained in, "A Test for Concentration of Electrolytes in Sweat in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas Utilizing Pilocarpine Iontophoresis," Gibson, I.E., and Cooke, R.E., "Pediatrics," Vol 23: 545, 1959; or the "Wescor Macroduct System." To establish the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, the sweat sodium or chloride content must be analyzed quantitatively using an acceptable laboratory technique. Another diagnostic test is the "CF gene mutation analysis" for homozygosity of the cystic fibrosis gene. The pulmonary manifestations of this disorder should be evaluated under 103.04. The nonpulmonary aspects of cystic fibrosis should be evaluated under the listings for the digestive system (105.00) or growth impairments (100.00). Because cystic fibrosis may involve the respiratory and digestive body systems, as well as impact on a child's growth and development, the combined effects of this involvement must be considered in case adjudication.

E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that arises as a consequence of acute lung injury in the newborn period and treatment of hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration, neonatal pneumonia and apnea of prematurity. The diagnosis is established by the requirement for continuous or nocturnal supplemental oxygen for more than 30 days, in association with characteristic radiographic changes and clinical signs of respiratory dysfunction, including retractions, rales, wheezing, and tachypnea.

103.01 Category of Impairments, Respiratory System

103.02 Chronic pulmonary insufficiency. With:

A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, due to any cause, with the FEV₁ equal to or less than the value specified in table I corresponding to the child's height without shoes. (In cases of marked spinal deformity, see 103.00B.);

Table I

Or

B. Chronic restrictive ventilatory disease, due to any cause, with the FVC equal to or less than the value specified in table II corresponding to the child's height without shoes. (In cases of marked spinal deformity, see 103.00B.);

Table II

Or

C Frequent need for:

1. Mechanical ventilation; or

2. Nocturnal supplemental oxygen as required by persistent or recurrent episodes of hypoxemia;

Or

D. The presence of a tracheostomy in a child under 3 years of age;

Or

E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia characterized by two of the following:

1. Prolonged expirations; or

2. Intermittent wheezing or increased respiratory effort as evidenced by retractions, flaring and tachypnea; or

3. Hyperinflation and scarring on a chest radiograph or other appropriate imaging techniques; or

4. Bronchodilator or diuretic dependency; or

5. A frequent requirement for nocturnal supplemental oxygen; or

6. Weight disturbance with:

a. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall of 15 percentiles from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer; or

b. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall to below the third percentile from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer;

Or

F. Two required hospital admissions (each longer than 24 hours) within a 6-month period for recurrent lower respiratory tract infections or acute respiratory distress associated with:

1. Chronic wheezing or chronic respiratory distress; or

2. Weight disturbance with:

a. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall of 15 percentiles from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer; or

b. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall to below the third percentile from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer;

Or

G. Chronic hypoventilation (PaCO₂ greater than 45 mm Hg) or chronic cor pulmonale as described under the appropriate criteria in 104.02;

Or

H. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.00.

103.03 Asthma. With:

A. FEV₁ equal to or less than the value specified in table I of 103.02A;

Or

B. Attacks (as defined in 3.00C), in spite of prescribed treatment and requiring physician intervention, occurring at least once every 2 months or at least six times a year. Each inpatient hospitalization for longer than 24 hours for control of asthma counts as two attacks, and an evaluation period of at least 12 consecutive months must be used to determine the frequency of attacks;

Or

C. Persistent low-grade wheezing between acute attacks or absence of extended symptom-free periods requiring daytime and nocturnal use of sympathomimetic bronchodilators with one of the following:

1. Persistent prolonged expiration with radiographic or other appropriate imaging techniques evidence of pulmonary hyperinflation or peribronchial disease; or

2. Short courses of corticosteroids that average more than 5 days per month for at least 3 months during a 12-month period;

Or

D. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.00.

103.04 Cystic fibrosis. With:

A. An FEV₁ equal to or less than the appropriate value specified in table III corresponding to the child's height without shoes. (In cases of marked spinal deformity, see 103.00B.);

Or

B. For children in whom pulmonary function testing cannot be performed, the presence of two of the following:

1. History of dyspnea on exertion or accumulation of secretions as manifested by repetitive coughing or cyanosis; or

2. Persistent bilateral rales and rhonchi or substantial reduction of breath sounds related to mucous plugging of the trachea or bronchi; or

3. Radiographic evidence of extensive disease, such as thickening of the proximal bronchial airways or persistence of bilateral peribronchial infiltrates;

Or

C. Persistent pulmonary infection accompanied by superimposed, recurrent, symptomatic episodes of increased bacterial infection occurring at least once every 6 months and requiring intravenous or nebulization antimicrobial treatment;

Or

D. Episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia or hemoptysis (more than blood-streaked sputum) or respiratory failure (documented according to 3.00C), requiring physician intervention, occurring at least once every 2 months or at least six times a year. Each inpatient hospitalization for longer than 24 hours for treatment counts as two episodes, and an evaluation period of at least 12 consecutive months must be used to determine the frequency of episodes;

Or

E. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.00.

Table III
[Applicable only for evaluation under 103.04A--cystic fibrosis]

104.00 Cardiovascular System

A. Introduction

The listings in this section describe childhood impairments resulting from congenital or acquired cardiovascular disease based on symptoms, physical signs, laboratory test abnormalities, and response to a regimen of therapy prescribed by a treating source. A longitudinal clinical record covering a period of not less than 3 months of observations and therapy is usually necessary for the assessment of severity and expected duration unless the child is a neonate or the claim can be decided favorably on the basis of the current evidence. All relevant evidence must be considered in assessing a child's disability. Reasonable efforts should be made to ensure evaluation by a program physician specializing in childhood cardiovascular impairments or a qualified pediatrician.

Examples of congenital defects include: abnormalities of cardiac septation, such as ventricular septal defect or atrioventricular (AV) canal; abnormalities resulting in cyanotic heart disease, such as tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the vessels; valvular defects or obstructions to ventricular outflow, including pulmonary or aortic stenosis and/or coarctation of the aorta; and major abnormalities of ventricular development, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome or pulmonary tricuspid atresia with hypoplastic right ventricle. Acquired heart disease may be due to cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, Kawasaki syndrome, or other etiologies. Recurrent arrhythmias, severe enough to cause functional impairment, may be seen with congenital or acquired heart disease or, more rarely, in children with structurally normal hearts.

Cardiovascular impairments, especially chronic heart failure and congenital heart disease, may result in impairments in other body systems including, but not limited to, growth, neurological, and mental. Therefore, evaluation should include consideration of the adverse effects of cardiovascular impairment in all relevant body systems, and especially on the child's growth and development, or mental functioning, as described under the Growth impairment (100.00), Neurological (111.00), and Mental retardation (112.05) listings.

Many children, especially those who have listing-level impairments, will have received the benefit of medically prescribed treatment. Whenever there is evidence of such treatment, the longitudinal clinical record must include a description of the therapy prescribed by the treating source and response, in addition to information about the nature and severity of the impairment. It is important to document any prescribed therapy and response because this medical management may have improved the child's functional status. The longitudinal record should provide information regarding functional recovery, if any.

Some children will not have received ongoing treatment or have an ongoing relationship with the medical community despite the existence of a severe impairment(s). Unless the claim can be decided favorably on the basis of the current evidence, a longitudinal record is still important because it will provide information about such things as the ongoing medical severity of the impairment, the level of the child's functioning, and the frequency, severity, and duration of symptoms. Also, several listings include a requirement for continuing signs and symptoms despite a regimen of prescribed treatment. Even though a child who does not receive treatment may not be able to show an impairment that meets the criteria of these listings, the child may have an impairment(s) that is medically or functionally equivalent in severity to one of the listed impairments.

Indeed, it must be remembered that these listings are only examples of common cardiovascular disorders that are severe enough to find a child disabled. When a child has a medically determinable impairment that is not listed, an impairment that does not meet the requirements of a listing, or a combination of impairments no one of which meets the requirements of a listing, we will make a determination whether the child's impairment(s) is medically or functionally equivalent in severity to the criteria of a listing. (See §§404.1526, 416.926, and 416.926a.)

B. Documentation

Each child's file must include sufficiently detailed reports on history, physical examinations, laboratory studies, and any prescribed therapy and response to allow an independent reviewer to assess the severity and duration of the cardiovascular impairment. Data should be obtained preferably from an office or center experienced in pediatric cardiac assessment. The actual electrocardiographic tracing (or adequately marked photocopy) and echocardiogram report with a copy of relevant echocardiographic views should be included (see part A, 4.00C1).

Results of additional studies necessary to substantiate the diagnosis or to document the severity of the impairment, including two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, and radionuclide ventriculograms, should be obtained as appropriate according to part A, 4.00C3. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring may also be obtained if necessary to document the presence or severity of an arrhythmia.

Exercise testing, though increasingly used, is still less frequently indicated in children than in adults, and can rarely be successfully performed in children under 6 years of age. It may be of value in the assessment of some arrhythmias, in the assessment of the severity of chronic heart failure, and in the assessment of recovery of function following cardiac surgery or other therapy. It will only be purchased by the Social Security Administration if the case cannot be decided based on the available evidence and, if purchased, must be performed in a specialty center for pediatric cardiology or other facility qualified to perform exercise testing for children.

Purchased exercise tests should be performed using a generally accepted protocol consistent with the prevailing state of medical knowledge and clinical practice. An exercise test should not be purchased for a child for whom the performance of the test is considered to constitute a significant risk by a program physician. See 4.00C2c.

Cardiac catheterization will not be purchased by the Social Security Administration. If the results of catheterization are otherwise available, they should be obtained.

C. Treatment and Relationship to Functional Status

In general, conclusions about the severity of a cardiovascular impairment cannot be made on the basis of type of treatment rendered or anticipated. The overall clinical and laboratory evidence, including the treatment plan(s) or results, should be persuasive that a listing-level impairment exists. The amount of function restored and the time required for improvement after treatment (medical, surgical, or a prescribed program of progressive physical activity) vary with the nature and extent of the disorder, the type of treatment, and other factors. Depending upon the timing of this treatment in relation to the alleged onset date of disability, impairment evaluation may need to be deferred for a period of up to 3 months from the date of treatment to permit consideration of treatment effects.

Evaluation should not be deferred if the claim can be favorably decided based upon the available evidence.

The most life-threatening forms of congenital heart disease and cardiac impairments, such as those listed in 104.00D, almost always require surgical treatment within the first year of life to prevent early death. Even with surgery, these impairments are so severe that it is likely that the impairment will continue to be disabling long enough to meet the duration requirement because of significant residual impairment post-surgery, or the recovery time from surgery, or a combination of both factors. Therefore, when the impairment is one of those named in 104.00D, or is as severe as one of those impairments, the presence of a listing-level impairment can usually be found on the basis of planned or actual cardiac surgery.

A child who has undergone surgical treatment for life-threatening heart disease will be found under a disability for 12 months following the date of surgery under 104.06H (for infants with life-threatening cardiac disease) or 104.09 (for a child of any age who undergoes cardiac transplantation) because of the uncertainty during that period concerning outcome or long-term results. After 12 months, continuing disability evaluation will be based upon residual impairment, which will consider the clinical course following treatment and comparison of symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings preoperatively and after the specified period. (See §404.1594 or §416.994a, as appropriate, for our rules on medical improvement and whether an individual is no longer disabled.)

D. Congenital Heart Disease

Some congenital defects usually lead to listing-level impairment in the first year of life and require surgery within the first year as a life-saving measure. Examples of impairments that in most instances will require life-saving surgery before age 1, include, but are not limited to, the following: hypoplastic left heart syndrome; critical aortic stenosis with neonatal heart failure; critical coarctation of the aorta, with or without associated anomalies; complete AV canal defects; transposition of the great arteries; tetralogy of Fallot; and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.

In addition, there are rarer defects which may lead to early mortality and that may require multiple surgical interventions or a combination of surgery and other major interventional procedures (e.g., multiple "balloon" catheter procedures). Examples of such defects include single ventricle, tricuspid atresia, and multiple ventricular septal defects.

Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease can cause cardiac impairment in young children. When a large or nonrestrictive septal defect or ductus is present, pulmonary artery mean pressures of at least 70 percent of mean systemic levels are used as a criterion of listing-level impairment. In the absence of such a defect (i.e., with primary pulmonary hypertension, or in some connective tissue disorders with cardiopulmonary involvement and pulmonary vascular destruction), listing-level impairment may be present at lower levels of pulmonary artery pressure, in the range of at least 50 percent of mean systemic levels.

E. Chronic Heart Failure

Chronic heart failure in infants and children may manifest itself by pulmonary or systemic venous congestion, including cardiomegaly, chronic dyspnea, tachypnea, orthopnea, or hepatomegaly; or symptoms of limited cardiac output, such as weakness or fatigue; or a need for cardiotonic drugs. Fatigue or exercise intolerance in an infant may be manifested by prolonged feeding time associated with signs of cardiac impairment, including excessive respiratory effort and sweating. Other manifestations of chronic heart failure during infancy may include failure to gain weight or involuntary loss of weight and repeated lower respiratory tract infections.

Cardiomegaly or ventricular dysfunction must be present and demonstrated by imaging techniques, such as two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. (Reference: Feigenbaum, Harvey, "Echocardiography," 4th Edition, Lea and Febiger, 1986, Appendix, pp. 621-639.) Chest x-ray (6 ft. PA film) will be considered indicative of cardiomegaly if the cardiothoracic ratio is over 60 percent at age 1 year or less, or 55 percent at more than 1 year of age.

Findings of cardiomegaly on chest x-ray must be accompanied by other evidence of chronic heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. This evidence may include clinical evidence, such as hepatomegaly, edema, or pulmonary venous congestion; or echocardiographic evidence, such as marked ventricular dilatation above established normals for age, or markedly reduced ejection fraction or shortening fraction.

F. Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular heart disease requires documentation by appropriate imaging techniques, including Doppler echocardiogram studies or cardiac catheterization if catheterization results are available from a treating source or other source of record. Listing-level impairment is usually associated with critical aortic stenosis in a newborn child, persistent heart failure, arrhythmias, or valve replacement and ongoing anticoagulant therapy. The usual time after valvular surgery for adequate assessment of the results of treatment is considered to be 3 months.

G. Rheumatic Heart Disease

The diagnosis should be made in accordance with the current revised Jones criteria for guidance in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever.

104.01 Category of Impairments, Cardiovascular System

104.02 Chronic heart failure. Documented by clinical and laboratory findings as described in 104.00E, and with one of the following:

A. Persistent tachycardia at rest (see table I);

OR

B. Persistent tachypnea at rest (see table II), or markedly decreased exercise tolerance (see 104.00E);

OR

C. Recurrent arrhythmias, as described in 104.05;

OR

D. Growth disturbance, with:

1. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall of 15 percentiles from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer; or

2. An involuntary weight loss (or failure to gain weight at an appropriate rate for age) resulting in a fall to below the third percentile from established growth curve (on standard growth charts) which persists for 2 months or longer; or

3. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.00.

Table I--Tachycardia at Rest

Table II--Tachypnea at Rest

104.03 Hypertensive cardiovascular disease. With persistently elevated blood pressure equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for age (see table III), and one of the following:

A. Impaired renal function, as described in 106.02;

OR

B. Cerebrovascular damage, as described in 111.06;

OR

C. Chronic heart failure as described in 104.02.

Table III--Elevated Blood Pressure

104.05 Recurrent arrhythmias, such as persistent or recurrent heart block (A-V dissociation), repeated symptomatic tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias or long QT syndrome arrhythmias, not related to reversible causes such as electrolyte abnormalities or digitalis glycoside or antiarrhythmic drug toxicity, resulting in uncontrolled repeated episodes of cardiac syncope or near syncope and arrhythmia despite prescribed treatment, including electronic pacemaker (see 104.00A if there is no prescribed treatment), and documented by resting or ambulatory (Holter) electrocardiography coincident with the occurrence of syncope or near syncope.

104.06 Congenital heart disease. With one of the following:

A. Cyanotic heart disease, with persistent, chronic hypoxemia as manifested by:

1. Hematocrit of 55 percent or greater on two or more evaluations within a 3-month period; or

2. Arterial O₂ saturation of less than 90 percent in room air, or resting PO₂ of 60 Torr or less; or

3. Hypercyanotic spells, syncope, characteristic squatting, or other incapacitating symptoms directly related to documented cyanotic heart disease; or

4. Exercise intolerance with increased hypoxemia on exertion;

OR

B. Chronic heart failure with evidence of ventricular dysfunction, as described in 104.02;

OR

C. Recurrent arrhythmias as described in 104.05;

OR

D. Secondary pulmonary vascular obstructive disease with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure elevated to at least 70 percent of the mean systemic arterial pressure;

OR

E. Congenital valvular or other stenotic defects, or valvular regurgitation, as described in 104.00F and 104.07;

OR

F. Symptomatic acyanotic heart disease, with ventricular dysfunction resulting in significant restriction of age-appropriate activities or inability to complete age-appropriate tasks (see 104.00A);

OR

G. Growth failure, as described in 100.00;

OR

H. For infants under 12 months of age at the time of filing, with life-threatening congenital heart impairment that will or has required surgical treatment in the first year of life, consider the infant to be under a disability until the attainment of age 1 or for 12 months after surgery, whichever is the later event; thereafter, evaluate impairment severity with reference to 104.02 to 104.08.

104.07 Valvular heart disease or other stenotic defects, or valvular regurgitation, documented by appropriate imaging techniques or cardiac catheterization.

A. Evaluate according to criteria in 104.02, 104.05, 111.06, or 11.04;

OR

B. Critical aortic stenosis in newborn.

104.08 Cardiomyopathies, documented by appropriate imaging techniques, including echocardiography or cardiac catheterization, if catheterization results are available from a treating source. Impairment must be associated with an ejection fraction of 50 percent or less and significant left ventricular dilatation using standardized age-appropriate echocardiographic ventricular cavity measurements. Evaluate under the criteria in 104.02, 104.05, or 111.06.

104.09 Cardiac transplantation. Consider under a disability for 1 year following surgery; thereafter, evaluate residual impairment under 104.02 to 104.08.

104.13 Chronic rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease. Consider under a disability for 18 months from the established onset of impairment with one of the following:

A. Persistence of rheumatic fever activity for 6 months or more which is manifested by significant murmur(s), cardiac enlargement (see 104.00E) or ventricular dysfunction, and other abnormal laboratory findings, as for example, an elevated sedimentation rate or ECG findings;

OR

B. Evidence of chronic heart failure, as described under 104.02;

OR

C. Recurrent arrhythmias, as described under 104.05.

104.14 Hyperlipidemia. Documented Type II homozygous hyperlipidemia with repeated plasma cholesterol levels of 500 mg/ml or greater, with one of the following:

A. Myocardial ischemia, as described in 4.04B or 4.04C;

OR

B. Significant aortic stenosis documented by Doppler echocardiographic techniques or cardiac catheterization;

OR

C. Major disruption of normal life activities by repeated hospitalizations for plasmapheresis or other prescribed therapies, including liver transplant;

OR

D. Recurrent pancreatitis complicating hyperlipidemia.

104.15 Kawasaki syndrome. With one of the following:

A. Major coronary artery aneurysm;

OR

B. Chronic heart failure, as described in 104.02.

105.00 Digestive System

A. Disorders of the digestive system which result in disability usually do so because of interference with nutrition and growth, multiple recurrent inflammatory lesions, or other complications of the disease. Such lesions or complications usually respond to treatment. To constitute a listed impairment, these must be shown to have persisted or be expected to persist despite prescribed therapy for a continuous period of at least 12 months.

B. Documentation of gastrointestinal impairments should include pertinent operative findings, radiographic studies, endoscopy, and biopsy reports. Where a liver biopsy has been performed in chronic liver disease, documentation should include the report of the biopsy.

C. Growth retardation and malnutrition. When the primary disorder of the digestive tract has been documented, evaluate resultant malnutrition under the criteria described in 105.08. Evaluate resultant growth impairment under the criteria described in 100.03. Intestinal disorders, including surgical diversions and potentially correctable congenital lesions, do not represent a severe impairment if the individual is able to maintain adequate nutrition growth and development.

D. Multiple congenital anomalies. See related criteria, and consider as a combination of impairments.

105.01 Category of Impairments, Digestive.

105.03 Esophageal obstruction, caused by atresia, stricture, or stenosis with malnutrition as described under the criteria in 105.08.

105.05 Chronic liver disease. With one of the following:

A. Inoperable billiary atresia demonstrated by X-ray or surgery; or

B. Intractable ascites not attributable to other causes, with serum albumin of 3.0 gm./100 ml. or less; or

C. Esophageal varices (demonstrated by angiography, barium swallow, or endoscopy or by prior performance of a specific shunt or plication procedure); or

D. Hepatic coma, documentated by findings from hospital records; or

E. Hepatic encephalopathy. Evaluate under the criteria in 112.02; or

F. Chronic active inflammation or necrosis documented by SGOT persistently more than 100 units or serum bilirubin of 2.5 mg. percent or greater.

105.07 Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (such as ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis), as documented in 105.00. With one of the following:

A. Intestinal manifestations or complications, such as obstruction, abscess, or fistula formation which has lasted or is expected to last 12 months; or

B. Malnutrition as described under the criteria in 105.08; or

C. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.03.

105.08 Malnutrition, due to demonstrable gastrointestinal disease causing either a fall of 15 percentiles of weight which persists or the persistence of weight which is less than the third percentile (on standard growth charts). And one of the following:

A. Stool fat excretion per 24 hours:

1. More than 15 percent in infants less than 6 months.

2. More than 10 percent in infants 6-18 months.

3. More than 6 percent in children more than 18 months; or

B. Persistent hematocrit of 30 percent or less despite prescribed therapy; or

C. Serum carotene of 40 mcg./100 ml. or less; or

D. Serum albumin of 3.0 gm./100 ml. or less.

106.00 Genito-Urinary System

A. Determination of the presence of chronic renal disease will be based upon the following factors:

1. History, physical examination, and laboratory evidence of renal disease.

2. Indications of its progressive nature or laboratory evidence of deterioration of renal function.

B. Renal transplant. The amount of function restored and the time required to effect improvement depend upon various factors including adequacy of post transplant renal function, incidence of renal infection, occurrence of rejection crisis, presence of systemic complications (anemia, neuropathy, etc.) and side effects of corticosteroid or immuno-suppressive agents. A period of at least 12 months is required for the individual to reach a point of stable medical improvement.

C. Evaluate associated disorders and complications according to the appropriate body system listing.

106.01 Category of Impairments, Genito-Urinary.

106.02 Chronic renal disease. With:

A. Persistent elevation of serum creatinine to 3 mg. per deciliter (100 ml.) or greater over at least 3 months; or

B. Reduction of creatinine clearance to 30 ml. per minute (43 liters/24 hours) per 1.73 m^[2] of body surface area over at least 3 months; or

C. Chronic renal dialysis program for irreversible renal failure; or

D. Renal transplant. Consider under a disability for 12 months following surgery; thereafter, evaluate the residual impairment (see 106.00B).

106.06 Nephrotic syndrome, with edema not controlled by prescribed therapy. And:

A. Serum albumin less than 2 gm./100 ml.; or

B. Proteinuria more than 2.5 gm./1.73m^[2]/ day.

107.00 Hemic and Lymphatic System

A. Sickle cell disease. Refers to a chronic hemolytic anemia associated with sickle cell hemoglobin, either homozygous or in combination with thalassemia or with another abnormal hemoglobin (such as C or F).

Appropriate hematologic evidence for sickle cell disease, such as hemoglobin electrophoresis must be included. Vaso-occlusive, hemolytic, or aplastic episodes should be documented by description of severity, frequency, and duration.

Disability due to sickle cell disease may be solely the result of a severe, persistent anemia or may be due to the combination of chronic progressive or episodic manifestations in the presence of a less severe anemia.

Major visceral episodes causing disability include meningitis, osteomyelitis, pulmonary infections or infarctions, cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, genitourinary involvement, etc.

B. Coagulation defects. Chronic inherited coagulation disorders must be documented by appropriate laboratory evidence such as abnormal thromboplastin generation, coagulation time, or factor assay.

C. Acute leukemia. Initial diagnosis of acute leukemia must be based upon definitive bone marrow pathologic evidence. Recurrent disease may be documented by peripheral blood, bone marrow, or cerebrospinal fluid examination. The pathology report must be included.

The designated duration of disability implicit in the finding of a listed impairment is contained in 107.11. Following the designated time period, a documented diagnosis itself is no longer sufficient to establish a severe impairment. The severity of any remaining impairment must be evaluated on the basis of the medical evidence.

107.01 Category of Impairments, Hemic and Lymphatic.

107.03 Hemolytic anemia (due to any cause). Manifested by persistence of hematocrit of 26 percent or less despite prescribed therapy, and reticulocyte count of 4 percent or greater.

107.05 Sickle cell disease. With:

A. Recent, recurrent, severe vaso-occlusive crises (musculoskeletal, vertebral, abdominal); or

B. A major visceral complication in the 12 months prior to application; or

C. A hyperhemolytic or aplastic crisis within 12 months prior to application; or

D. Chronic, severe anemia with persistence of hematocrit of 26 percent or less; or

E. Congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular damage, or emotional disorder as described under the criteria in 104.02, 111.00ff, or 112.00ff.

107.06 Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura of childhood with purpura and thrombocytopenia of 40,000 platelets/cu. mm. or less despite prescribed therapy or recurrent upon withdrawal of treatment.

107.08 Inherited coagulation disorder. With:

A. Repeated spontaneous or inappropriate bleeding; or

B. Hemarthrosis with joint deformity.

107.11 Acute leukemia. Consider under a disability:

A. For 2_ years from the time of initial diagnosis; or

B. For 2_ years from the time of recurrence of active disease.

108.00 [Reserved]

109.00 Endocrine System

A. Cause of disability. Disability is caused by a disturbance in the regulation of the secretion or metabolism of one or more hormones which are not adequately controlled by therapy. Such disturbances or abnormalities usually respond to treatment. To constitute a listed impairment these must be shown to have persisted or be expected to persist despite prescribed therapy for a continuous period of at least 12 months.

B. Growth. Normal growth is usually a sensitive indicator of health as well as of adequate therapy in children. Impairment of growth may be disabling in itself or may be an indicator of a severe disorder involving the endocrine system or other body systems. Where involvement of other organ systems has occurred as a result of a primary endocrine disorder, these impairments should be evaluated according to the criteria under the appropriate sections.

C. Documentation. Description of characteristic history, physical findings, and diagnostic laboratory data must be included. Results of laboratory tests will be considered abnormal if outside the normal range or greater than two standard deviations from the mean of the testing laboratory. Reports in the file should contain the information provided by the testing laboratory as to their normal values for that test.

D. Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Evidence of growth retardation must be documented as described in 100.00. Elevated blood or urinary free cortisol levels are not acceptable in lieu of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion for the diagnosis of adrenal cortical hyperfunction.

E. Adrenal cortical insufficiency. Documentation must include persistent low plasma cortisol or low urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids or 17-ketogenic steroids and evidence of unresponsiveness to ACTH stimulation.

109.01 Category of Impairments, Endrocrine

109.02 Thyroid Disorders.

A. Hyperthyroidism (as documented in 109.00C). With clinical manifestations despite prescribed therapy, and one of the following:

1. Elevated serum thyroxine (T₄) and either elevated free T₄ or resin T₃ uptake; or

2. Elevated thyroid uptake of radioiodine; or

3. Elevated serum triiodothyronine (T₃).

B. Hypothyroidism. With one of the following, despite prescribed therapy:

1. IQ of 70 or less; or

2. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.02 A and B; or

3. Precocious puberty.

109.03 Hyperparathyroidism (as documented in 109.00C). With:

A. Repeated elevated total or ionized serum calcium; or

B. Elevated serum parathyroid hormone.

109.04 Hypoparathyroidism or Pseudohypoparathyroidism. With:

A. Severe recurrent tetany or convulsions which are unresponsive to prescribed therapy; or

B. Growth retardation as described under criteria in 100.02 A and B.

109.05 Diabetes insipidus, documented by pathologic hypertonic saline or water deprivation test. And one of the following:

A. Intracranial space-occupying lesion, before or after surgery; or

B. Unresponsiveness to Pitressin; or

C. Growth retardation as described under the criteria in 100.02 A and B; or

D. Unresponsive hypothalmic thirst center, with chronic or recurrent hypernatremia; or

E. Decreased visual fields attributable to a pituitary lesion.

109.06 Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex (Primary or secondary). With:

A. Elevated urinary 17-hyroxycortico-steroids (or 17-ketogenic steroids) as documented in 109.00 C and D; and

B. Unresponsiveness to low-dose dexamethasone suppression.

109.07 Adrenal cortical insufficiency (as documented in 109.00 C and E) with recent, recurrent episodes of circulatory collapse.

109.08 Juvenile diabetes mellitus (as documented in 109.00C) requiring parenteral insulin. And one of the following, despite prescribed therapy:

A. Recent, recurrent hospitalizations with acidosis; or

B. Recent, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia; or

C. Growth retardation as described under the criteria in 100.02 A or B; or

D. Impaired renal function as described under the criteria in 106.00ff.

109.09 Iatrogenic hypercorticoid state.