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Macroeconomic research issues - AIDS impact 1999
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A
forthcoming study described by Keith Jefferis and Robert
Greener about the impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana incorporated
some of the above concerns, including an examination of issues
in rural areas, and a consideration of the impact of
prevailing capital/labor ratios on future economic
performance. The study will also examine the impact of
HIV/AIDS on household-level issues of poverty and economic
inequality.
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Madison
Ave. Has Growing Role In the Business of Drug Research
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Article
on how Madison Avenue, whose television ads have helped turn
some prescription drugs into billion-dollar products, is
expanding role in drug development;
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Measuring
impacts of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods and food security
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The
HIV/AIDS epidemic is affecting all spheres of human activity
and behaviour. Because most of the hardest-hit countries are
still overwhelmingly rural, the epidemic represents an
enormous threat to rural development. The implications of
HIV/AIDS for the demography of rural populations (age and sex
composition of rural households, life expectancy of rural
inhabitants, etc.) are well known. However, the epidemic's
effects on food and livelihood security of rural residents are
still inadequately understood. Part of the problem is that
comprehensive tools to measure such effects of the epidemic
have not been fully developed.
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Medicaid
Program Policy Trends: Financing and Quality of HIV Care
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Many
state Medicaid programs have adopted managed care as well as a
variety of other measures to ensure that MCOs caring for
high-cost enrollees can continue to provide quality care and
are protected from financial risk. This article describes
several strategies that state programs have implemented to
protect quality HIV/AIDS care.
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Meeting
the HIV/AIDS Challenge to Food Security
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The
role of labour saving technologies in farm-households
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461 kb pdf
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Next Wave of HIV/AIDS: Nigeria, Ethiopia,
Russia, India, and China
(Large report-increased
down-load time) |
This
paper builds on the December 1999 unclassified National
Intelligence Estimate, The Global Infectious Disease
Threat and Its Implications for the United States,
which focused on the spread of AIDS in the context of
other growing infectious diseases. Excerpts from the
1999 Estimate presage the expansion of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
beyond the geographic focal point of southern Africa:
Although
infection and death rates for HIV/AIDS have slowed
considerably in developed countries…the pandemic continues
to spread in much of the developing world. Sub-Saharan
Africa currently has the biggest regional burden, but the
disease is spreading quickly in India, Russia, China, and much
of the rest of Asia.
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Patients,
not Employers or Insurers, Paying Larger Percentage of
Prescription Medication Costs
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Faced
with "rapidly rising" prescription drug spending,
which is climbing at about 15% per year, employers and
insurers have increasingly shifted the costs to patients, who
"may soon pay even more,"
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Poor
to get Aids drugs first
|
The
impoverished community of KwaDabeka in Durban will be one of
the first pilot sites to receive antiretroviral drugs at its
clinic for HIV-infected patients when KwaZulu- Natal receives
its R720-million grant from the UN Global Fund to Fight Aids,
TB and Malaria.
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Population
Council Annual Report 1999
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An
international, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization that
seeks to improve the wellbeing and reproductive health of
current and future generations around the world
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1,969 kb pdf
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Portugal
Debates setting up Heroin injecting rooms-prison
|
A
recently released government report recommends Portugal set up
heroin injection rooms in prisons, where widespread drug use
is leading to rising HIV rates among the nation's 14,000
inmates. Nearly one in two Portuguese prisoners uses drugs and
of those who do, 26.8 percent use injecting drugs like heroin,
said the report.
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Portugal-HIV medicine 2003
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HIV
Medicine is an ever-changing field.
The authors have made every effort to provide
information that is accurate and complete as of the data of
publication
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pdf
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Protecting Children from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation |
Protecting
children from sexual abuse and exploitation is an important
area of work for the member organizations of Save the
Children. They believe that sexual abuse of children is one
of the worst forms of violations of the rights of the
child. It can lead to irreversible physical and
psychological damage.
|
70 kb pdf |
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Provisions for Victims of Trafficking in Bonded Sexual
Labour, i.e. Prostitution |
Traffickers are filling the gap between the demand for
migrant labour on the one hand, and the diminishing legal
channels of migration in most countries on the other hand.
The economic instability and malaise in countries of origin
is the push factor for many women to leave and search for
better economic opportunities |
443 kb pdf |
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Rampant
Aids Epidemic Confirmed in New Study
|
The
first national household survey on HIV/Aids prevalence and
behavioral risk in South Africa has brought welcome new data
to reflect on.
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Romania
|
The
PHS system for HIV/AIDS infection developed in parallel with
increased possibilities of clinical confirmation at country
and national reference laboratories
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Pdf
1,440 kb
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Sectoral
Impact: what we know, don’t know and need to know: the true
cost of AIDS
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Presentation
|
295 kb pdf
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Sex
Slave Trade in Iran |
A measure of
Islamic fundamentalists’ success in controlling society is the
depth and totality with which they suppress the freedom and
rights of women…The head of Iran’s Interpol bureau believes
that the sex slave trade is one of the most profitable
activities in Iran today. |
16 kb pdf |
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Sex trafficking
of women in the United States |
The US
government estimates that 50,000 women and children are
trafficked each year into the United States, primarily from
Latin America, countries of the former Soviet Union and
Southeast Asia. |
587 kb pdf |
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Sexuality and
Public Policy |
While
there are obvious civil liberty issues concerning social and
governmental oversight of personal sexual behavior, human
sexuality is in fact an activity which is highly regulated by
society through custom, religion and legislation. Even
those who adopt a libertarian attitude toward sexuality tend
to respect modern social prohibitions regarding certain
behaviors, e.g. incest, rape, and sex involving children.
By contrast, historically some these practices have been
tolerated to varying degrees in certain cultures while many
other practices currently considered acceptable have been
prohibited. In general, prevailing sexual behaviors are
consistent with and governed by prevailing social
attitudes. (Report contains several graphs and charts
concerning sexual behavior)
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
|
Sexually transmitted diseases affect industrialized as well
as developing countries. The 20-24 age group is the most
exposed to risk. Annual incidence of curable STDs (which
excludes AIDS) is 333 million cases
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Situation
analysis of discrimination and stigmatization against people
living with HIV/AIDS in West and Central Africa
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Ethical
and legal considerations
|
1,437 kb pdf
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Skills Development for Multicultural Rehabilitation Counseling
|
Frequently, the general population affixes action-engendering
stigmas and stereotypes on entire groups of minority members
with disabilities. |
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Stigma and Global Health: Developing a Research Agenda
|
To explore the relationship between stigma and
public health, examine the social and cultural determinants of
stigma, explore how stigma prevents people from seeking or
getting treatment for disease, and determine future research
opportunities |
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Social
Capital and coping with economic shocks: an analysis of
stunting of South African Children
|
Using
household panel data that include directly solicited
information on economic shocks and employing household
fixed-effects estimation, we explore how well households cope
with shocks by examining the effects of shocks on child
nutritional status
|
294 kb pdf
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Strengthening
Public Safety Nets: Can the informal sector show the way?
|
Helping
to reduce vulnerability poses a new set of challenges for
public policy. The most immediate challenge is to determine
the appropriate role for public actions
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137 kb pdf
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Structural
Collapse Sets the Scene for the Rapid Spread of HIV/AIDS Among
Young People in Eastern Europe
|
Children
and young people in Eastern Europe and Central Asia are
increasingly sharing drug-injecting equipment and engaging in
unprotected commercial sex as early as 12 years of age. With
the economy in many countries continuing to crumble and with
unemployment rates soaring, the young are increasingly relying
on alternative sources of economic and emotional sustenance.
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The
Future Demographic Impact of AIDS: What Do We Know?
|
Ever
since AIDS was recognized as a critical global health problem
that would lead to increased adult and child mortality there
have been debates about the demographic impact of AIDS. There
has been speculation that the impact of AIDS might be so large
as to cause negative population growth rates in some
countries. Much of this debate centered on Africa, where HIV
prevalence rates are the highest.
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The
Global HIV/AIDS Pandemic, Structural Inequalities, and the
Politics of International Health
|
In
spite of recent advances in treatment and care available in
most developed countries, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to
spread throughout the developing world
|
81 kb pdf
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The
Global Infectious Disease Threat and Its Implications for the
United States
|
From
the CIA: This report represents an important initiative on the
part of the Intelligence Community to consider the national
security dimension of a nontraditional threat. It responds to
a growing concern by senior US leaders about the
implications--in terms of health, economics, and national
security--of the growing global infectious disease threat. The
dramatic increase in drug-resistant microbes, combined with
the lag in development of new antibiotics, the rise of
megacities with severe health care deficiencies, environmental
degradation, and the growing ease and frequency of
cross-border movements of people and produce have greatly
facilitated the spread of infectious diseases.
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The
High cost of Healthcare gets Higher
|
A
new survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Health
Research and Educational Trust finds that premiums for
employer-sponsored health insurance, which covers two of three
Americans, increased an average of 11 percent in 2001, the
largest increase since 1992. Overall inflation during the same
period was only 3.3 percent.
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The
impact of HIV/AID on Community-based resource management: a
Case study of an indigenous irrigation system in Northern
Thailand
|
In
case of Northern Thailand, the response to the epidemic is
quite unique and different from other parts of Thailand. This
occurred as a response to the rapid expansion of HIV/AIDS
|
191 kb pdf
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The Next Wave
of HIV/AIDS: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, India, and China |
The
number of people with HIV/AIDS will grow significantly by the
end of the decade. The increase will be driven by the
spread of the disease in five populous countries—Nigeria,
Ethiopia, Russia, India, and China—where the number of
infected people will grow from around 14 to 23 million
currently to an estimated 50 to 75 million by 2010.[1]
This estimate eclipses the projected 30 to 35 million cases by
the end of the decade in central and southern Africa, the
current focal point of the pandemic. |
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The
Private Sector Response to the Epidemic
|
Botswana
has the worst HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world.—this report
deals with Debswanna, the diamond-mining company and their
response
|
785 kb pdf
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The
Status and trends of the HIV/AIDS Epidemics in the World
|
The
importance of data concerning the trends and determinants of
the HIV/AIDS pandemic cannot be denied. For people living with
the virus it impacts us in many ways. Data can help improve
the level and scope of care and treatment services which we
receive and it can contribute to mitigating at least some of
the impact of the stigma and discrimination which we face on a
daily basis.
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The
Status and Trends of the HIV/AIDS/STD Epidemics in Asia and
the Pacific
|
Because
a large percentage of the world's population resides in the
Asia-Pacific region, the symposium held in Manila was
important in enabling MAP to focus strategically on the
evolving HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease (STD)
epidemics in the Asian and Pacific countries, fuse current
knowledge, identify gaps therein and determine topical and
geographical areas for action.
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Travel Plans: Border Crossings and the Rights of
Transnational Migrants |
Anti-trafficking initiatives also tend to
criminalize women and their families by regarding families
as part of the trafficking chain, failing to recognize that
women move in part to seek better economic opportunities to
support their families. Although the women migrating on the
behalf of their family can still be subject to subtle and
forceful coercion from their family members, the
anti-trafficking initiatives assume criminality
indiscriminately for all female migrants. Furthermore, by
invariably associating trafficking with sexual exploitation,
women who move are implicitly suspected of crossing borders
for the purposes of sex, which stigmatizes their movement.
As such, women and their movement are viewed through the
lenses of criminality and stigma, and the woman herself is
rendered both a victim as well as an immoral subject |
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US AIDS CZAR UNDERMINES WHO INITIATIVE |
Previous excuses used to deny patients in poor countries
access to antiretrovirals centred around two common arguments:
that poor persons could not adhere to complex medication
regimens and would therefore improperly take the drugs leading
to drug-resistant forms of HIV, and that the infrastructure in
poor countries is insufficient to support complex HIV care |
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US Doctor linked to South Africa
|
A
California doctor who committed suicide after being accused in
a murder plot gave deadly germs to apartheid South Africa's
secret chemical and biological weapons programme |
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US Grant for fight against AIDS
|
The Mozambican government on Friday received a grant of around
900,000 dollars from the United States to support actions in
workplaces against the spread of HIV/AIDS |
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Values
and social representations of HIV/AIDS in Central and Eastern
Europe: A multi-method investigation in five nations-part 1
(Large report-increased
download time)
|
In
the research reported here, we focus on samples taken from
five Central and Eastern European countries. These countries
have had very different experiences of HIV infection and have
employed different policies for HIV treatment and testing
(Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS,
|
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| Values
and social representations of HIV/AIDS in Central and Eastern
Europe: A multi-method investigation in five nations-part 2
(Large report-increased
download time) |
In
the research reported here, we focus on samples taken from
five Central and Eastern European countries. These countries
have had very different experiences of HIV infection and have
employed different policies for HIV treatment and testing
(Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, |
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'We
have no food, no work and no money'
|
"We
have no food, no work and no money. How are we supposed to
feed our families now?" asked Mathews Sibanda. "If
you walk around here, you will see that the stomachs of
children are growing bigger and swollen by malnutrition.
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What
we can learn from the HIV/AIDS epidemic?
|
In
every possible way the essential public health trusts between
authorities, science, medicine and the global populace were
violated during the 1994 plague outbreak
|
74 kb pdf
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Where women are sold as sex slaves for $500 |
In its report this year, Eradication of Trafficking in
Persons, by the Ministry of Co-ordination of People's
Welfare, the Government openly admits its own officials help
traffickers by issuing fake identity cards and simply
turning a blind eye. No government official has been
imprisoned and the worst they can expect if caught is a
delay in promotion or in the next increase in salary. |
|
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Which
is the
Scourge? The Debt or HIV/AIDS?
|
Understanding
the twin challenges of globalisation and HIV/AIDs is becoming
an imperative for YMCA people in each of the 127 countries
where the YMCA is present around the world. As we increase our
knowledge and experience of the pandemic and its effects on
young people, the YMCA must add its voice to the ethical and
moral issues which are raised.
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WHO
- YOUNG PEOPLE AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
|
Of
the estimated 333 million new STDs that occur in the world
every year, at least 111 million occur in young people under
25 years of age.
|
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WHO:
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)
|
Sexually
transmitted diseases affect industrialized as well as
developing countries. The 20-24 age group is the most exposed
to risk.
|
|
|
Worldwide-Hepatitis
Map
|
Map
of the world
|
3,797 kb pdf
|
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