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Document Name & Link to Document
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Description
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File Size /Type
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2007 Surveillance Report
(Large
report-increase download time) |
In 1981, the first cases of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Since that time, the HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus) epidemic has expanded to become one of
the greatest public health challenges, both nationally and
globally. More than 25 years after the first reports of AIDS,
this issue of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report marks the
reporting of more than 1 million AIDS cases since the beginning
of the epidemic in the United States. The number of cases
underscores the fact that despite significant advances in HIV
testing, prevention, and treatment in the United States, the
human toll has been substantial. |
Pdf 3472 kb |
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A Critical Reappraisal of African AIDS Research and Western
Sexual Stereotypes |
The paper
scrutinizes the predictions of increased numbers of HIV cases in
southern Africa by reviewing comparative studies from other
parts of Africa to show how conceptual flaws and dubious
statistics mar conventional studies about AIDS in Africa. It
suggests that western stereotypes, poorly designed research,
medical authoritarianism and racist assumptions about African
sexuality created the untenable conclusions about AIDS in other
African countries that now proliferate in South Africa, Zimbabwe
and Botswana. |
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ADDENDUM TO ASSA600: AN AIDS MODEL OF THE THIRD KIND? |
Since the above paper was published before,
inter alia, the release of the 1996 Census results and an
"AIDS Experts" workshop organised by the Department of Health
it does not describe the changes made to the model to
incorporate insights that resulted from these sources of data.
It is the purpose of this addendum to document the changes to
the model made since the publication of the original paper |
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ADULT MORTALITY IN THE ERA OF HIV/AIDS: THE ARAB COUNTRIES OF
WESTERN ASIA AND NORTHERN AFRICA |
This
paper reviews recent levels and trends in mortality conditions
and the possible impact of AIDS in the Arab region of West Asia
and North Africa. Twenty two countries/territories are
considered in this study: 12 in Western Asia (Bahrain, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Occupied Palestinian territory,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates,
and Yemen), and 6 in Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia). To complete the
picture of the mortality transition in the Arab region, 4 more
countries are included in the analysis, 3 in Eastern Africa
(Comoros, Djibouti and Somalia), and one in Western Africa
(Mauritania). |
Pdf 997 kb |
| AIDS Projection Models
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. |
Demographic and epidemiological models for projecting HIV
incidence, prevalence and mortality
A Minimalist Demographic-Epidemiological Model for Projecting
HIV/AIDS
Introduction
A Bare Bones Model
Model Design
Program Design
Application to Uganda: Inputs
Application to Uganda: Results
Discussion
Reference |
All pdf
15 kb
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68 kb
78 kb
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ADULT MORTALITY AND AIDS DEATHS IN ZIMBABWE
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Prepared for the Meeting of the Reference
Group on HIV/AIDS Estimates, Modeling and Projections
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Age- & sex-structured HIV epidemiological model. |
Presented
is a novel model for forecasting HIV incidence by age and sex
and among sentinel groups for which data are available.
This approach permits a closer relationship between
forecasting and surveillance activities, and more accurate
estimates validated to data. |
1,265 kb
pdf |
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Age-Period-Cohort models: Statistical inference in the Lexis
diagram |
Age-period
cohort models for multiple datasets When several sets of
rates are observed in a Lexis diagram it is of course
possible to fit separate age-period-cohort models for each
set of rates. But depending on the context di_erent
approaches to modelling will be appropriate: |
Pdf 739 kb |
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AIDS and demographic consequences. |
In many
countries AIDS is already a major cause of death, and it will
soon become so in many others. Particularly in countries
of the less-developed regions, AIDS may have a visible
demographic impact in both the short and long term that will
affect the size of future population increments, the relative
size of different age groups and family structures. |
9,540 kb
pdf |
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AIDS and Stiigma-1999 Survey Items. |
The
following pages report exact wording for some of some of the
items used in a 1999 national telephone survey on AIDS and
stigma. Many of the items were also used in previous
surveys conducted by the author in 1991 and 1997. |
104 kb pdf |
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AIDS Fact Sheet
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Peer Review Status: Internally Reviewed by
Cancer Center Staff
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ASSA AIDS and Demographic Models
(Large report-increased
down-load time) |
This guide begins with an overview of
modelling of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, which is
presented in section 2. Section 3 provides information on the
structure of the model. It comprises a brief description of
the nature and basis of the assumptions, the location of
different aspects of the model on the worksheets, and
information about which assumptions and values can be changed
by the user. Sections 4, 5 and 6 provide instructions on how
to use the model. Section 4 describes how to do simple runs so
as to get projections for different years. Section 5 describes
the standard output, how to interpret it, and how to obtain
additional output. Section 6 provides a brief overview of the provincial and urban-rural
versions of the model. Finally, section 7 provides information
for the more advanced user who wants to change parameters.
This section includes a discussion of the calibration that is
necessary when making such changes.
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Bangui definition for HIV/AIDS
AIDS surveillance in Europe.
Bangui 1985 report.
CDC Guidelines for Surveillance 1999.
Concept of Health & Disease.
Current Trends Update-1982.
Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS-1993.
WHO Definitions for AIDS surrveilance-1986.
WHO Definitions for AIDS surveillance 1994.
WHO Definitions for AIDS surveillance-1988 |
This model/definition has been used and is still being
utilized by many countries. Many countries simply do not
have the financial resources to obtain the most modern methods
for testing for HIV/AIDS
A case of AIDS in a child is defined as an illness
characterized by one or more of the following ‘indicator’
diseases
Good clinical definitions of AIDS is of great importance in
Africa, where adequate laboratory facilities are often
lacking, to enable medical practitioners to arrive at a
diagnosis with maximum precision.
In the absence of such lab testing abilities, the use
of symptoms exhibited by patients can also be used
This report provides a revised case definition for HIV
infection in adults and children, recommended program
surveillance by local, state, and territorial health
departments.
This set of definitions and commitments, universally
accepted as normative, has posed, to those who work in the
health field, limitations on the theoretical and
methodological bases traditionally utilized and has shown the
need for new developments, that make it possible to treat the
health and disease problem as an expression of the living
conditions of different population groups and to understand
the relationship between these and the most general social
processes.
The eventual case-mortality rate of AIDS, a few years after
diagnosis, may be far greater than the 41% overall
case-mortality rate noted
Revised HIV classification system for adolescents and
adults
For surveillance purposed, a relatively precise case
definition is required that includes the most characteristic
manifestations of LAV/HTLV-III infections.
The clinical and laboratory definition of AIDS has changed
as documentation of the wide spectrum of clinical
manifestations due to HIV has accumulated, and as specific
laboratory tests to detect HIV infection and immune deficiency
have been developed
This is a method in which the prevalence of HIV infection
is measured in specific populations whose blood has been
obtained in the health care setting for other purposes and
then tested for antibody to HIV after all patient identifiers
have been removed
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All pdf
3,319 kb
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624 kb
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536 kb
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Better Searching Through Science |
Now, a handful of companies and academic
researchers are working on a new breed of search engines to
undo this second curse of Babel. |
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Can the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Predict
Post-Transplantation |
Can
indicators of liver disease severity before liver
transplantation (OLT) predict the outcome following OLT? Can
pretransplant data predict post-OLT outcomes? The researchers
compared three indices of liver disease severity as predictors
of posttransplant outcome: |
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Case for increasing availability
of HIV/AIDS products through improved Supply Chain Management
|
Over
the last fifteen years, evidence has shown that the right
programmatic approaches, applied quickly and thoroughly, can
result in lower HIV infection rates and a higher quality of
life for those affected by the AIDS epidemic. We have
also learned that a strong supply chain is critical to the
success of any effective HIV/AIDS program
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pdf
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Chronic Diseases in Canada |
Magazine
from Canada that deals with chronic diseases, also provides
some math models |
838 kb pdf |
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Considerations and Recommendations in Undertaking Population
Projections for South Africa Intended to Assess the Impact
and Consequences of HIV / AIDS |
This paper
discusses the use of population projections for South Africa
in estimating the future demographic impact of HIV/AIDS.
These issues raised apply to projections generally and to
projections of the impact of HIV/AIDS in other countries. A
focus of this paper is examination of the assumptions
underlying projections and assessment of the robustness of
the projections to violations of these assumptions. |
Pdf 516
kb |
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Dead reckoning - the need for data
on mortality rates in Africa |
What do we
know about mortality rates in Africa? How has HIV affected
death rates? Do we have enough data to answer these questions?
Research from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine investigates mortality rates in Africa. More and
better demographic data are essential to help governments
develop policy in response to the HIV epidemic. |
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Debunking the Myths in the US Global AIDS strategy-an
evidence-based analysis |
Women and
girls represent the majority of those infected with HIV
worldwide and two-thirds of those in sub-Saharan Africa…new
infections are rising most rapidly among married women and
adolescent girls, as well as among those sub-populations,
including sex workers and men who have sex with men, who face
the highest levels of social marginalization due to widespread
stigma and discrimination |
435 kb pdf |
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DECISION AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS |
Decision-Tree methodology: Discounting is the method to adjust
future health outcomes and costs to their value in the
present. Value in the present is called “net present value”,
or NPV. This technique has long been used to represent time
preference for costs. Recently a consensus has been reached to
discount health outcomes. Not doing so leads to some logical
conundrums in CEAs. On average people exhibit time
preferences for health outcomes similar to those for costs. |
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Demography and Ecology as a Field of Study
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PowerPoint
Presentation-Demography is the study of the size,
territorial distribution,, and composition of population,
changes therein, and components of such changes as
mortality, natality, territorial movement, and social
mobility
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96 kb |
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Developing a Methodology for Cost-Benefit Analysis of GFATM |
Power Point Presentation |
176 kb |
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Discrepancies Between Men and Women in |
This paper
examines the reliability of one key type of sexual behavior
by comparing reports of the number of opposite gender sex
partners reported by men and women. Within a closed
population, the number of female sexual partners reported by
men must equal the number of male sexual partners reported
by women. Thus, agreement between men and women validates
the aggregate reports and suggests that the reports are
reliable. Discrepancies on the other hand indicate either a
deviation from the closed population assumption or some
inaccuracy in the data for one or both genders
(Gorman,1989). |
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Editnote
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Notes on Census Editing
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87 kb pdf
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Emerging Infectious Diseases: Tracking trends and analyzing
new and reemerging infectious disease issues around the
world
(Large
Report-Increase download time) |
An
examination of the threat of Bio-terrorism |
3872 kb
pdf |
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Epidemiological and demographic HIV/AIDS projections: South
Africa |
South
Africa is recorded to have the largest number of persons
living with HIV/AIDS in the world…The data are collected from
pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics in the public
health sector. |
164 kb pdf |
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Estimation and projections-AIDS simple model. |
WHO has
developed a smiple model for short-term projections of AIDS,
details of which are presented here along with results
obtained using the model to estimate and project AIDS cases
for the USA, etc. |
2,334 kb
pdf |
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Estimating Future Hepatitis C Morbidity, Mortality, and Cost
in the United States
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From the year 2010 through 2019, our model
project 165,900 deaths from chronic liver disease, 27,200
deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma, and 510.7 billion in
direct medical expenditures from Hepatitis C Virus
|
133 kb pdf
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Global surveillance and forecasting of AIDS. |
The
short-term forecasting of future AIDS cases has been attempted
by statistical extrapolations of the observed curve of
reported AIDS cases. In areas where such reporting is
very incomplete or has only recently started, extrapolation is
not possible and an epidemiologically-based forecasting model
has been developed to estimate the annual number of AIDS cases
which may have occurred and to project the annual number and
distribution of AIDS cases for up to ten years. |
1,276 kb
pdf |
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HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa: Background, Projections,
Impacts, and Interventions |
The virus that causes AIDS has already infected and is
infecting many Africans. About 20 percent of the entire
adult population aged 15-49 is currently infected in nine
southern African countries. This is a staggering level,
and most of these people do not even know they are
infected…and the disease threatens the social and economic
well being of the countries. |
242 kb pdf |
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HIV/AIDS Toolkit: AIDS IMPACT MODEL (AIM) APPROACH |
Building Political Commitment for Effective
HIV/AIDS Policies and Programs |
774 kb pdf |
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HIV/STD Prevalence and Risk Factors among Migrant &
non-migrant Males-Nepal |
International evidence indicates that since
migration brings about immediate changes
in the occupation, social condition and economic
status of the people, it could be one of the leading
factors linked to high-risk sexual behavior and
STI/HIV transmission.
|
1604 kb pdf |
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HIV AND MORTALITY IN AFRICA Does it prove that HIV causes
AIDS? |
In a British-funded study, it was found that mortality in young (13-44)
adults in Uganda is 60 times higher for HIV-seropositives than for
seronegatives. Mainstream AIDS scientist present these results as a
strong evidence that HIV is the cause of AIDS. Such arguments
are very persuasive to public and most scientists, even though
being essentially flawed. |
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Human Capacity for Logistics |
HIV/AIDS is
placing a heavy burden on the health sector, both in terms of
health worker attrition and increased patient needs at health
facilities because of HIV/AIDS-related illness. These and
other stresses on human capacity—such as the brain drain,
insufficient remuneration, and lack of knowledge and skills
updates for staff—affect the performance of logistics systems |
542 kb pdf |
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Inestppr -
Indirect Estimation of period Parity Progression Ratios from
Time Series of Births Distributed by Order
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Indirect estimation procedure
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24 kb pdf
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Instructions for Goals Model
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Key Issues |
This
section provides brief summaries of current research related
to HIV/AIDS, particularly in low-resource settings.
Because a wealth of high-quality HIV/AIDS information is
available through other online resources, we encourage readers
to review the resources
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Lexis Diagrams
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Represent relationships between sets of
persons and events
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66 kb pdf
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Literature Review of Long-Term Mortality Projections |
Predicting life expectancy 75 years into the future
today is equivalent to having a forecaster in 1928
predict life expectancy for 2004. The most accurate
prediction about such a forecast is probably that it
will be wrong. |
159 kb
pdf |
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Macroeconomic Models of the Impact of HIV/AIDS |
Major
differences of opinion are emerging in assessments of the
socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in heavily affected
countries between the experiences of those who are devising
practical responses to the pandemic, and forecasts based on
macroeconomic modeling. |
176 kb pdf |
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Making HIV prevalence & AIDS estimates |
Power
Point Presentation |
1.964 kb |
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Methods Protocol for the Human Mortality Database |
Methods to use
for determining a mortality databank-death rates |
559 kb pdf |
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MISLEADING IMPRESSION-AIDS Fight is Skewed by Federal
Campaign Exaggerating Risks |
Research continued to show that AIDS among heterosexuals
had largely settled into an inner-city nexus, a world
bounded by poverty and poor health care and beset by
rampant drug use. AIDS was also on the rise in some poor
rural communities. Yet government ads typically didn't
address the heterosexual group at greatest risk, a group
that a CDC researcher would later define as "generally
young, minority, indigent women who use 'crack' cocaine,
have multiple sex partners, trade sex for 'crack' or
other drugs or money, and have [other sexually
transmitted diseases] such as syphilis and herpes." |
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Model-based estimates of risk of disease transmission and
economic costs of 7 injection devices |
When
not properly sterilized, or if contaminated, needles and
syringes can produce local abscesses and can transmit
bloodborne infections between patients. Needlestick
injuries can transmit infectious agents from patients to
health care workers, while incorrect disposal can transmit
disease to the community as a consequence of both needlestick
injuries and improper reuse. |
360 kb pdf |
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Modeling HIV/AIDS epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa using
seroprevalence data from antenatal clinics |
To plan
and evaluate control strategies effectively and to prepare
for vaccine efficacy trials, it is critical to estimate the
magnitude and trajectory of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Trade-offs between alternative interventions and policies
must be based on the best possible information about current
levels and trends in the epidemic. |
384 kb pdf |
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MORTALITY AND AIDS DEATHS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
|
Prepared for the Meeting of the Reference
Group on HIV/AIDS Estimates, Modelling and Projections,
Geneva, 10-11, June 1999. Sections 1-6 present some essential
background. Section 7 lists some issues for discussion at the
meeting, incorporating the suggestions contained in emails of
April 9 from Bernhard
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Mortality Tempo: A Guide for the Skeptic
|
This paper
develops a discrete approach to describing and analyzing
mortality tempo effects. The continuous mathematics of
Bongaarts and Feeney (1998, 2002, 2003) tends to obscure
what are at heart quite simple ideas. The discrete approach
is mathematically undemanding, yet powerful. It is used
here, for example, to define age-specific tempo effects,
something that has yet to be done in the continuous
formulation. |
Pdf 65 kb |
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Multdecr
|
Multiple Decrement Theory
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60 kb pdf
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Opr95
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The Analysis of Children Ever Born Data for
Post-Reproductive Age Women
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136 kb pdf
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Pfnote
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A new Interpretation of Brass’ P/F Ration
Method Applicable When Fertility is Declining
|
18 kb pdf
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Populations, pathogens, and epidemic phases: closing the gap
between theory and practice in the prevention of sexually
transmitted diseases |
In the
past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in
theoretical knowledge about the transmission dynamics of
sexually transmitted infections. This has largely been
motivated by the global epidemic of HIV and the vigorous
efforts to reduce the burden of other STIs, and has been
facilitated by the emergence of new methods and technologies
for data analysis and mathematical modeling. |
155 kb pdf |
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Potential Costs and Benefits of Responding to the Mobility
Aspect of the HIV Epidemic in South East Asia |
This
paper presents a methodology to estimate the costs and
potential benefits of responding to the mobility aspects of
the HIV epidemic in South East Asia. One of the steps in
strengthening the countries’ capabilities for appropriate
policy and programmatic decisions in resource allocation for
HIV/AIDS programmes to reduce mobility related HIV
vulnerability, it is important to have costing information on
responses, or lack thereof, to mobility related factors in HIV
prevention & mitigation of the impact of AIDS |
1098 kb pdf |
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Poverty and Labour Market Markers of HIV+ Households: An
Exploratory Methodological Analysis |
This
study, through an exploratory but promising methodology,
provides a tentative analysis of the relationship between
HIV, poverty and labour markets. The paper illustrates that
the relationship between poverty, labour markets and HIV is
not homogenous but multi-dimensional in character. The
analysis examines these inter-relationships at both the
household and individual level. The key findings from the
analysis suggest that imputed HIV positive women come from
poorer households than imputed negative women |
Pdf 959 kb |
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Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research
and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences |
Moreover,
given the chronic underreporting and under-diagnosis in
developing countries, the actual number of AIDS cases may be
four times as high. The official statistics also do not
reflect the millions of people who are infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but have yet to develop symptoms
of AIDS |
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Probability Tables for disability |
Mathematical descriptions and methods used for determining the
probability of disability used by the Rand corporation |
230 kb pdf |
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Reference Group on HIV/AIDS Estimated, Modeling and
Projection-1999 |
Estimates
of the number of people living with HIV and the burden of
HIV-related sickness and death rely heavily on data generated
by sentinel surveillance systems |
28 kb pdf |
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Researchers fake AIDS study data |
Three Maryland
researchers have admitted fabricating interviews with
teenagers for a study on AIDS prevention that received more
than $1 million in federal funds. |
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Scientific Fraud and Conflict Of Interest In Vaccine Research,
Licensing &
Policymaking
|
In Business School, (Organizational Behavior)
we studied what can happen to organizations that suffer
ethical management breakdowns (such as Johns Manville with
asbestos, Owens Corning breast implants, etc.). Nothing
illustrates the syndrome of management ethical failure more
clearly than the current scandal faced by Firestone and Ford.
Those companies denied and concealed deaths and injuries
caused by tread separation and a high center of gravity in the
Ford Explorer for years. Management knew, denied and concealed
that their products were defective and were killing people --
the classic ethical breakdown.
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SINGLE- AND MULTI-MOTIVE PROCESSING
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This study considers the impact of behavioral
commitment on the cognitive and affective processing of a
persuasive message advocating influenza vaccination behaviors,
and the resulting impact on the integration of information
into attitudes, behavioral intention, and behavior. It was
argued that prior behavior commitments would lead some
processors to engage in concurrent validity-seeking and
defensive processing.
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Statistical methods in epidemic modelling |
The main
focus of this research programme has concerned the
development and application of statistical methodology to
estimate the characteristics and evolution of epidemics, in
particular those caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) and the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The main progress
relates to: the development and application of methods to
estimate prevailing and future disease prevalence (often at
different disease stages) and incidence using information
from a variety of sources; the characterisation of disease
progression, and the factors affecting it, through the
analysis of longitudinal data on disease markers collected
in observational cohort studies, accounting for the bias
inherent in such studies |
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THE BLACK DEATH
AND ITS EFFECT ON THE HISTORY AND SOCIALIZATION OF THE WESTERN
WORLD |
The Black
Death of 1346 - 1348 and its relation to historical change is
not one of direct cause but of contributory effect. The
disease helped cause historic and social change, but the
change (especially in economic systems) was not initiated by
the historical event known as the Black Death but accelerated
by it. |
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The Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS |
The Technical
Meeting on the Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS was held to
discuss current approaches and future research needs for
estimating the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS. AIDS has
become one of the biggest challenges to development in the
coming decades. |
251 kb pdf |
|
The Globalization of Disease |
Annan warned that AIDS leaches profits out of economies and
businesses and raises new barriers to development and economic
growth. He cautioned that the widening gaps between wealthy
and poor, which AIDS and other diseases are expanding, could
accelerate the growing backlash against globalization. While
global markets have created unprecedented economic
opportunities and growth, the benefits have not been equally
distributed, and the risks—especially the health risks—of an
increasingly interlinked and interdependent world have not
been thoroughly considered. |
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The Impact of AIDS on adult mortality: evidence from
national and regional statistics |
The object
of this review is to consider what effect AIDS is having on
adult mortality in some of the countries most seriously
affected by the epidemic, using public data sources, such as
censuses and nationally representative surveys that do not
offer a breakdown of the population by HIV status |
103 kb pdf |
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The Wedding of Qualitative Research and Public Health Policy |
I want to
begin with two marvelous jokes by Professor Pan Suiming. “The
Prostitute says to her customer, ‘Move your head, I am
watching TV.’ A family of three was talking about
prostitution. The husband said, ‘One act with a prostitute in
some city is worth three years salary.’ The wife immediately
responded, ‘Then, never visit a prostitute.’ The daughter
unexpectedly said, ‘I should do this work.’ (Pan Suiming in
Gail Hershatter 1997:392). I open with this quote from Pan
Suiming because it captures some of generational attitudes and
economic incentives for sex work within contemporary China.
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The Vincent-El Badry Method
|
In many past censuses enumerators have
frequently omitted to record "0" for childless women, leaving
the space on the census schedule blank or perhaps recording a
dash. The census records will then show these women as having
not responded to the question on number of children ever born
(CEB), rather than as having no children. This creates a
downward bias in reported proportions of childless women and a
corresponding upward bias in reported proportions of women
with one or more children ever born and in mean number of
children ever born.
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Vital Statistics - Leading Causes of Premature Death,
1999-2003 |
Charts of the leading causes of premature death |
Pdf 38 kb |
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Trends in under-5 mortality rates and the HIV/AIDS epidemic |
Although
HIV and AIDS originally emerged as adult health problems,
they have become a major killer of under-5-year-old
children, especially in developing countries. Children of
HIV-seropositive mothers can acquire the virus directly
through vertical transmission; about 25-30% of children born
to infected mothers become infected with HIV and almost all
of them die before 5 years of age in most developing
countries with high HIV prevalence |
240 kb pdf |
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Use of Maternity Register Data in Benin. |
The
guideline emphasize the importance of using this series of
indicators as a means of monitoring service availability,
utilization of maternal health services, utilization of these
services among those in need and quality of obstetric care. |
630 kb pdf |
|
Use of Single Data Source Can Significantly Underestimate
Hepatitis C Mortality Rates |
Power Point
Presentation |
86 kb pdf |
|
Validity of scales measuring the psychosocialdeterminants of
HIV/STD-related risk behavior inadolescents
|
We examined the content, construct and
concurrent validity of scales to assess beliefs and
self-efficacy related to adolescents' sexual risk behavior. We
addressed content validity in the scale development process by
drawing on literature and theory, and by pre-testing items
with focus groups.
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Web site for Futures Group |
Listing for
http://www.tfgi.com/
Software: computer math models |
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What Is Demographic Analysis?
|
Demography is the study of population change
in human societies, of the life cycle events that generate
this change, and of the various factors and circumstances that
influence these events.
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Working in Groups
Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7 |
Benefits
and methods of working in groups—HIV and AIDS usually raise
difficult and personal issues such as health, relationships,
financial security, death or feelings about sexuality. |
All pdf
299 kb
136 kb
233 kb
307 kb
227 kb
204 kb
121 kb
167 kb |
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World
Population data sheet of the Population reference Bureau-2004 |
For the
first time, the United Nations has produced a time series for
the country estimates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. |
371 kb pdf |
