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Dental
instrument and device sterilization and disinfection
practices.
Author:
Gurevich I; Dubin R; Cunha BA; Source: J Hosp Infect Date of
Pub: 1996 Apr Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Pagination: 295-304
Abstract:
Dental instruments and devices require sterilization or
high-level disinfection. An evaluation of the implementation
of such processes was undertaken. Eleven thousand
questionnaires on methods used to sterilize and disinfect
dental instruments were sent to dental practices and 1391
(13%) were returned for evaluation. Sixty-eight percent of
respondents believed they were sterilizing their instruments,
however, some of the liquid chemical products used were not
suitable for sterilizing instruments, and 12% of respondents
used incorrect contact times. Forty-nine percent of
respondents did not challenge autoclaves with biological
spores to check their function at an acceptable frequency.
There were similar product and timing problems when a
high-level liquid chemical disinfection was attempted.
Although the return sample was small, problems were identified
that can and should be corrected. This study demonstrates that
the potential for person-to-person transmission of infectious
agents such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
hepatitis B and C viruses via inadequately sterilized dental
instrument exists depending on the prevalence of HIV in the
dental practice area.
Abstract
By: Author Address: Infection Control Section,
Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA.
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
Study:
Only heat can kill HIV on dental tools.
By
the Associated Press
A
chemical disinfectant used on some medical and dental devices
can fail to kill the AIDS virus, posing a potential risk of
infecting patients, a study suggests.
Researchers
found that in the laboratory, the disinfectant did not kill
the AIDS virus in blood lodged in lubricants commonly used in
dental equipment and in medical devices called endoscopes,
which are inserted into the body to allow an interior view.
None
of the devices has ever been shown to be the cause of HIV
transmission from patient to patient, said researcher David
Lewis, a microbiologist at the University of Georgia in
Athens.
HIV
survived in germ killer In the study, published by Lewis and
another researcher in the September issue of the journal
Nature Medicine, the AIDS virus survived after the
contaminated lubricants were soaked for two hours in a
powerful germ killer called glutaraldehyde.
Lewis
said the study amphasizes the need to sterilize dental
equipment at extremely high temperatures, as recommended by
the federal government and the American Dental Association. He
also said the standards for decontaminating endoscopes should
be raised.
But
Dr. David Fleisher, past president of the American Dental
Association said current decontaminating procedurs are
"extremely effective".
And,
he said, the experiment failed to mimic all the steps of the
decontamination procedure used on gastrointestinal endoscopes.
More
than 90 percent of American dentists use heat sterilization,
said Chris Martin, a spokesman for the American Dental
Association.
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
Title:
Continuing Investigation and Controversy Regarding Risk of
Transmission of Infection Via Dental Handpieces
Title
Abreviation: J Can Dent Assoc Author: Epstein JB; Rea G;
Sherlock CH; Mathias RG; Department of Dentistry, Vancouver
Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, B.C., Canada. Date of
Pub: 1996 Jun Issue: 6 Volume: 62 Pagination: 485-91
Abstract:
Current epidemiologic evidence indicates that infectious
diseases, specifically blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis
B, hepatitis C and HIV, are not transmitted from patient to
patient via dental instruments. However, ongoing laboratory
investigations suggest that potential pathogens may be
retained within dental handpieces, creating a theoretical risk
of cross infection. Controversy regarding certain laboratory
study results and the clinical implications of these studies
continues. Guidelines and regulations for infection control
should be rational, and based on a realistic response to a
documented risk. Dental professionals should be aware of
continuing research focusing on these issues.
Abstract
By: Author
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
Detection
of hepatitis C virus-RNA by polymerase chain reaction in
dental surgeries.
Piazza
M; Borgia G; Picciotto L; Nappa S; Cicciarello S; Orlando R
Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples
Federico II, Italy. J Med Virol 45: 40-2 (1995)
Abstract
The
mean prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (Hepatitis C Virus) in Italy is
0.87%. It reaches 2% in Campania, Southern Italy.
Approximately 50% of community acquired non-A, non-B (NANB)
hepatitis cannot be associated with known parenteral exposure.
A recent Italian study has shown that the only demonstrable
risk factor in 9% of acute C/NANB hepatitis is dental
treatment. There are no data on direct contamination by Hepatitis C Virus of
dental surgeries. Possible environmental contamination by Hepatitis C Virus-RNA
was investigated in dental surgeries after treatment of anti-Hepatitis C Virus
and Hepatitis C Virus-RNA positive patients. Thirty-five anti-Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C Virus-RNA
positive patients with chronic hepatitis underwent dental
treatment and were enrolled in this study. Eight had chronic
persistent hepatitis (CPH), 23 chronic active hepatitis (CAH),
and 4 cirrhosis. A total of 328 samples collected from
instruments and surfaces were tested after dental treatment of
35 anti-Hepatitis C Virus positive patients. The presence of Hepatitis C Virus-RNA was
determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate
contamination of instruments and surfaces in dental surgeries.
Twenty (6.1%) out of 328 collected samples were positive for
Hepatitis C Virus-RNA. The positive samples were from work benches (two),
air turbine handpieces (one), holders (four), suction units
(one), forceps (four), dental mirrors (two), and burs (six).
Our data indicate that there is extensive contamination by Hepatitis C Virus
of dental surgeries after treatment of anti-Hepatitis C Virus patients and
that if sterilisation and disinfection are inadequate there is
the possible risk of transmission to susceptible individuals.
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
Donna
Kloppenburg
CEO
Awareness + Education = Change
Title:
Dental instrument and device sterilization and disinfection
practices.
Author:
Gurevich I; Dubin R; Cunha BA; Source: J Hosp Infect Date of
Pub: 1996 Apr Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Pagination: 295-304
Abstract:
Dental instruments and devices require sterilization or
high-level disinfection. An evaluation of the implementation
of such processes was undertaken. Eleven thousand
questionnaires on methods used to sterilize and disinfect
dental instruments were sent to dental practices and 1391
(13%) were returned for evaluation. Sixty-eight percent of
respondents believed they were sterilizing their instruments,
however, some of the liquid chemical products used were not
suitable for sterilizing instruments, and 12% of respondents
used incorrect contact times. Forty-nine percent of
respondents did not challenge autoclaves with biological
spores to check their function at an acceptable frequency.
There were similar product and timing problems when a
high-level liquid chemical disinfection was attempted.
Although the return sample was small, problems were identified
that can and should be corrected. This study demonstrates that
the potential for person-to-person transmission of infectious
agents such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
hepatitis B and C viruses via inadequately sterilized dental
instrument exists depending on the prevalence of HIV in the
dental practice area.
Abstract
By: Author Address: Infection Control Section,
Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA.
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
Detection
of hepatitis C virus-RNA by polymerase chain reaction in
dental surgeries.
Piazza
M; Borgia G; Picciotto L; Nappa S; Cicciarello S; Orlando R
Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples
Federico II, Italy. J Med Virol 45: 40-2 (1995)
Abstract
The
mean prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (Hepatitis C Virus) in Italy is
0.87%. It reaches 2% in Campania, Southern Italy.
Approximately 50% of community acquired non-A, non-B (NANB)
hepatitis cannot be associated with known parenteral exposure.
A recent Italian study has shown that the only demonstrable
risk factor in 9% of acute C/NANB hepatitis is dental
treatment. There are no data on direct contamination by Hepatitis C Virus of
dental surgeries. Possible environmental contamination by Hepatitis C Virus-RNA
was investigated in dental surgeries after treatment of anti-Hepatitis C Virus
and Hepatitis C Virus-RNA positive patients. Thirty-five anti-Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C Virus-RNA
positive patients with chronic hepatitis underwent dental
treatment and were enrolled in this study. Eight had chronic
persistent hepatitis (CPH), 23 chronic active hepatitis (CAH),
and 4 cirrhosis. A total of 328 samples collected from
instruments and surfaces were tested after dental treatment of
35 anti-Hepatitis C Virus positive patients. The presence of Hepatitis C Virus-RNA was
determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate
contamination of instruments and surfaces in dental surgeries.
Twenty (6.1%) out of 328 collected samples were positive for
Hepatitis C Virus-RNA. The positive samples were from work benches (two),
air turbine handpieces (one), holders (four), suction units
(one), forceps (four), dental mirrors (two), and burs (six).
Our data indicate that there is extensive contamination by Hepatitis C Virus
of dental surgeries after treatment of anti-Hepatitis C Virus patients and
that if sterilisation and disinfection are inadequate there is
the possible risk of transmission to susceptible individuals.
Transmission
TOC
HepC BC
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