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Document Name & Link to Document |
Description |
File Type/Size |
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2000--US Census--AIDS impact on economy |
Paper on how AIDS is/will impact the world-UN report provided
by the US Census Agency |
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A REVIEW OF
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON HIV/AIDS |
In studying economic and political settings connected with
high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, social scientists have come to
the conclusion that there is a clear link between levels of
HIV/AIDS and poverty throughout the world. Whilst an
impressive amount of research has been undertaken to study
the impact of the epidemic, less has been achieved in
mitigating its effects of deepening poverty and the rolling
back of development gains. |
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Access to Treatment for HIV/AIDS |
The total number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at
40 million. Most of these people live in the developing
world. While there are indications that the incidence of
HIV infection has been declining in some countries, in many
others incidence rates remain high or are increasing.
Consequently, the prevalence of HIV infection is likely to
continue to rise. In the absence of treatment, most people
infected with HIV will eventually develop an HIV-related
disease and succumb to the consequences of the infection. |
1013 kb pdf |
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Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic |
At the dawn of the new millennium, there are few threats more
dangerous to mankind than the global HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Infecting 40 million people and already accounting for 25 million
deaths, it could well become the worst health crisis in modern
history. While centered today in sub-Saharan Africa, it is
spreading rapidly in India, China, Central Asia, and Russia.
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Adult Mortality in the Era of
HIV/AIDS: Sub-Saharan Africa |
The strong age-specific impact of HIV on mortality is
reshaping the population structure of African countries with
substantial epidemics. The survival of adults in the worst
effected countries is substantially reduced which will
eventually depopulate certain tiers of the age pyramid,
reducing the number of adults available to reproduce, and
this together with the impact of HIV on fertility itself,
will substantially alter the age distribution of severely
impacted African populations for many decades to come |
Pdf 611 kb |
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African AIDS: Impacts of
Globalization, Pharmaceutical Apartheid, and Treatment
Activism |
Worldwide, but especially in Africa, a disproportionate
number of infections occur in late teenage and young adult
years. Although HIV/AIDS in African affects both men and
women, women how have a higher overall infection rate than
men, and women contract the virus at a munch younger age,
5-10 years earlier, because of numerous co-factors,
including cross-age sex between younger teenage women and
older, already infected men, the effects of young age and
STD’s on vaginal susceptibility to viral transmission, and
lack of power of younger women to negotiate safer sex
practices. |
385 kb pdf |
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Africa: The Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS |
It is at the level of the family and community that the
fullest impacts of the HIV pandemic is unraveling. One such
ramification is AIDS related poverty among households.
Across the African continent, the most vulnerable people are
the most economically active. As these active people die,
families are struggling to cope not just emotionally, but
also economically. Poverty is increasing as bread-winners
die and scarce savings are utilized in the period of ill
health. As savings dwindle, families begin to fragment
economically. One implication of this fragmentation of
families is the rising numbers of orphan children on our
continent. |
Pdf 1104 kb |
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African Microenterprise AIDS Initiative- Preventing the
spread of HIV/AIDS by empowering women in Africa |
Disadvantaged African women require both economic
empowerment and HIV/AIDS education to significantly reduce
their susceptibility to the HIV virus. Their lack of
resources and understanding constrains them to high-risk
sexual behavior |
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Agriculture & AIDS |
This paper can be explained by the fact that the objective
was to demonstrate to a reluctant agriculture sector that
HIV/AIDS was having an impact on agriculture production,
food security and rural development |
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AIDS |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is currently a
growing, worldwide, fatal, pandemic. Destruction of CD4+ T
cells predisposes infected individuals to a wide range of
opportunistic infections, tumors, dementia and death. "The
reality of AIDS in Botswana is so grim it is hard to grasp.
In the main hospital in the capital city, Gaborone, 70% of
beds in the pediatric ward are for children with
complications of AIDS. |
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AIDS, Economics and Terrorism
in Africa |
After years of denial, there is now little debate about the
economic impact of AIDS in countries with high prevalence
rates. AIDS kills people in the most productive years of
their lives and leads to dramatic increases in private and
public health care spending while tax revenues decline.
Foreign investors are less likely to invest in areas with
high HIV prevalence because AIDS decimates human capital and
reduces public investment in education. |
158 kb pdf |
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AIDS Erupts as National
Security Issue - Epidemics Threaten Russia, China and India |
Five years ago, the Clinton Administration identified AIDS
as a national and global security threat, declaring that it
has the potential to destabilize governments. Today, the
threat has grown as governments across sub-Saharan Africa
teeter on the brink of collapse while those in developed and
developing states differ greatly in their reactions to the
devastating disease from denial to the suggestion of
aggressive action. |
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AIDS & democracy: What do we Know? |
It is essential to note from the outset the paucity of
substantive data and primary research on the topic of
HIV/AIDS and democracy. The vast majority of sources
discussed in this paper are theoretical or conceptual pieces
which speculate—with varying degrees of expertise—on the
possible, probable, or expected impact of HIV/AIDS
on security and democracy, as well as the impact of
insecurity and antidemocratic forces on accelerating the
spread of HIV, or of democracy and governance on slowing
that spread. |
Pdf 94 kb |
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AIDS and AFRICA a Gender Driven Catastrophe |
This level of spending becomes all the more criminal when it
is clear that many countries spend more on their military
than on the fight against AIDS. "By it's own figures the
Zimbabwean government spends seventy times the amount that
goes to HIV programs on its support of the war in the
Congo-a conflict with no direct implications for Zimbabwe." |
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AIDS Becoming Youth Epidemic |
Young people are increasingly responsible for the spread of
HIV/AIDS around the world because of poverty and a severe
lack of information and prevention services, the United
Nations said Wednesday.
Every 14 seconds a person aged between 15 and 24 is infected
with the virus. They now account for half all new cases of
the disease, the U.N. Population Fund said in its annual
State of the World's Population report |
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AIDS Epidemic Grows Unchecked |
"AIDS has become the biggest threat to the continentís
redevelopment... essential services are being depleted at
the same time as state institutions and resources come under
greater strain...the risks of social unrest and even
socio-political instability should not be underestimated."
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, covering much of the area
that formed the Soviet Union and its East European satellite
countries, has experienced the fastest rise in levels of HIV
infection. |
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AIDS: How a Killer Plague Can Be Stopped |
The facts about AIDS are overwhelming. The disease is
spreading rapidly from country to country. Morgues are
working round the clock to keep up with the demand. Millions
of orphans are left behind by their dead parents. Cemeteries
are filled and overflowing. Coffin makers are running out of
wood. Ignorance, superstition and fear abound. Governments
are paralyzed by the sheer enormity of the death toll.
Medical services are swamped and unable to cope. |
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AIDS Impact Model (AIM) Approach |
Tool-Kit for Building Political Commitment for Effective
HIV/AIDS Policies and Programs |
PDF / 774KB |
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AIDS impact on children—HIV/AIDS
Lagging Policy response & impact on Children: The Case of
Cote d'lvoire. |
The number of the reported cases increased from 2 in 1985 to
56,000 in 1999. AIDS has become the leading cause of
mortality among adults and one of the first in children, and
the mortality associated with the disease has reduced life
expectancy at birth from 65 years to 55 years in 2000. |
Pdf 590 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—Overview
of the Impact & best Practice responses. |
This paper reviews the community and public policy
interventions introduced so far to moderate the impact of
the disease on children and families and discusses the
advantages and limitations of such interventions. The main
problem of the measures introduced so far is their nearly
exclusive focus on prevention and the health sector. While
this approach is understandable in the early phase of the
epidemics, its ability to protect child well-being appears
now limited. |
Pdf 261 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—Poverty
and HIV/AIDS impact, coping & Mitigation. |
AIDS is a very long wave event. The true death toll cannot
be estimated until the full waveform of the epidemic has
been seen. It may be as long as 50 years before we can say
that the world epidemic has peaked and/or begun to decline. |
Pdf 128 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—The
current & future impact of HIV/AIDS Epidemic on South
Africa's Children |
The impacts infant and child mortality rates will double
over 15 years, life expectancy will dramatically decline as
more children acquire HIV, millions of orphans will be
created as adults die and these children will kept in
poverty and be less likely to attend school and receive the
normal socialization of childhood. |
Pdf 380 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—Impact
of HIV/AIDS on Children: Lights and Shadows in the
Successful Case-Uganda |
The analyses of the socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on
children in Uganda, with specific focus on their health,
education and social welfare, and on the current and future
policy/program responses in the field of prevention,
treatment and mitigation. |
Pdf 235 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—The
impact on a Growing HIV/AIDS Epidemic of AIDS Epidemic on
Kenyan Children |
HIV prevalence in Kenya increased from 5.3 percent in 1990
to 13.5 percent in 2002 with the number of children under 5
years living with HIV growing from 32,000 in 1990 to 106,000
in 2000. |
Pdf 81 kb |
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AIDS impact on children—
The Social & Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children in a
Low Prevalence Context |
The main features of this adequate policy (in Senegal)
consist of a timely response, an eagerness to anticipate on
new developments, the strategic involvement of religious and
political leaders, effective STD-control programs, and the
construction of strong responses at the community level. |
Pdf 92 kb |
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AIDS in Africa: A Call for Sense, not Hysteria
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Pat Sidley makes dire predictions indeed. However, the claim
of saving such a high number of lives is based on estimates
and certain assumptions. It seems essential to substantiate
these claims before asking for wide ranging interventions.
The case of Uganda provides an important lesson in this
respect. A detailed analysis seems mandatory before engaging
in costly and potentially dangerous interventions in South
Africa. The absence of the predicted Aids catastrophe in
Uganda calls the basic assumptions about the epidemic into
question. It is high time to reconsider the priorities of
health policy |
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AIDS in prison-problems, policies presentation |
Presentation: HIV/AIDS in Prison-Problems, Policies and
Potential |
PDF / 159KB |
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AIDS is cutting African Life Span to 30-year Low
|
In AIDS-ravaged parts of southern Africa adult mortality is
higher than it was 30 years ago, the World Health
Organization said Thursday.
In 14 African countries, the United Nations agency said in
its annual World Health Report, child mortality is higher
than it was in 1990, with more than300 children out of every
1,000 born in Sierra Leone dying before the age of 5. |
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AIDS needn't wipe out millions |
Should we make Aids a notifiable disease? If so, what do we
do with the existing stigma of the disease, fed by
ignorance? What will that do to insurance policies and
premiums? These are important questions that will need
answers.
When the
Medical Research Council issued results of a similar study
last year and declared that 20% of adult deaths were caused
by Aids, the government ordered a new investigation.
Given the
stance it has taken at various times about the causes and
impact of Aids, it was clear its hope was that Stats SA
would produce "better" results. |
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AIDS orphans & vulnerable children An evidence-led response |
Power Point Presentation-an evidence-led response |
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AIDS orphans to Double |
Extended families often fail to cope, and many children are
forced to live on the street |
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AIDS Pandemic Reduces Life Expectancy in Africa by 20 years
|
Life expectancy in some African countries has fallen by 20
years in the past decade, mainly due to the HIV/Aids crisis.
Child and adult mortality rates in more than a dozen
sub-Saharan countries have increased in the past 10 years,
even as life expectancy in developed countries is improving.
The WHO report uses a simple comparison to highlight the
issue: a girl born in Britain today can expect to live to
80.6 years. A girl born in Sierra Leone is unlikely to make
it past her 36th birthday. |
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AIDS Stalks
Haiti's Children |
``Every year 5,000 children are born HIV-infected. There are
an estimated 200,000 children orphaned by AIDS,'' said Luz
Angela Melo, child protection officer for the U.N.
children's agency. |
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AIDS takes an economic & Social Toll |
Taking a narrow economic approach, however, some have argued
that AIDS is unlikely to inflict severe damage on national
economies because those infected are, in their great
majority, the poor and unskilled, who contribute little in
pure economic terms. This view ignores not only the human
dimension, but also the broader social and economic aspects
of development. It likewise ignores the existing evidence of
the many insidious ways in which AIDS already is harming key
sectors in those countries most seriously affected by the
epidemic. |
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AIDS threatens Africa |
The future success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and
the livelihood of many South Africans could soon be off the
economic radar screen if business fails to deal with the
destructive HIV/AIDS threatening the SME |
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An assessment of trends in Child Mortality-Tanzania |
Comparing the results of the TRCHS 1999 with the TDHS 1996
suggests that child mortality in Tanzania has increased.
Yet, five-year trends within the TRCHS suggest the
opposite. How should these trends be interpreted? |
Pdf 95 kb |
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An ILO study on the socio-economic impact of HIV on infected
persons finds that the HIV-positive face the maximum
discrimination within their families |
In 2002, ILO (India) initiated a study to understand the
socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on infected persons and
their families, particularly women and children. The
findings of this report, which was published recently, are
both meaningful and significant because of the sensitivity
with which the study was carried out. Conducted in
collaboration with the network of people living with
HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the study underlines the adverse economic
impact of HIV/AIDS, and the trauma arising from stigma,
discrimination and ostracism. |
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Anti-AIDS Effort in Central China Focuses on Former Plasma
Donors |
The epidemic in Central China took root between the late
1980s and the late-1990s when entrepreneurs paid poor
farmers in Henan province for plasma — the liquid portion of
blood that provides critical proteins for blood clotting and
immunity. The farmers, who were not tested for HIV,
hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or other blood-borne infections,
gave blood to collection centers, which pooled the blood of
several donors of the same blood type, separated the plasma,
and injected the remaining red-blood cells back into
individual donors to prevent anemia. |
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ASSA AIDS and Demographic Models
(Large
report-increased download time) |
This is a guide that begins with an overview of modeling of
the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa-brief description of
the nature, and basis of the assumptions, different aspects
of the model and information about which assumptions and
values can be changed |
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Barcelona Report on HIV
prevalence and impact |
Power Point Presentation with several grafts and diagrams |
820 kb |
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BONELA POLICY PAPER ON
HIV/AIDS AND EMPLOYMENT |
In a broad sense, HIV/AIDS affects the workplace in many
aspects: it affects productivity; it can increase business
costs, and affect the national economy. Productivity is
reduced because of increased absenteeism and low employee
morale. Business costs are increased because of increased
benefits, increased amounts of sick pay, as well as the cost
of replacing workers as others become too sick to work, or
die. |
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BUDGETING FOR HIV/AIDS - Costing the ‘Indirect Impact’ on
the Health Sector |
PowerPoint Presentation |
139 kb |
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Case Study Executive Summary |
DCSA established its workplace and community HIV/AIDS
project in 2001 to address the increasing financial burden
associated with HIV/AIDS. DCSA also decided to provide
prevention, care, support and treatment services to
employees, their dependants and the community as part of
DCSA.s obligation to these stakeholders based on the
principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is
also an extension of DaimlerChrysler's signing of the UN
Global Compact on CSR. |
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Childcare & work |
This study investigates the effects of childcare on work and
earning of mothers in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City. |
PDF / 283KB |
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Company Actions on AIDS in Durban Metro Area |
"Company Practices" - a look at HIV prevention initiatives
in ten large and small business enterprises in the Durban
Metropolitan Areas. |
PDF / 1280KB |
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Confronting the Impact of HIV and AIDS: |
The global spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemics will, for
the next three generations at least, underline education
access, quality and provision. Reforms within the sector
will necessarily take account of the implications of this
plague within national, provincial and local contexts. This
article is based on several assumptions. The first is that
HIV/AIDS is not only a medical problem: the spread of the
disease has created a pandemic with social, economic,
geopolitical and other consequences for all countries.
Second, increasing numbers of countries, especially in
sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, are now facing one of
the great crises of human history. The third is that other
countries in Eastern Europe and the Asia and Pacific regions
will confront similar challenges as the pandemic spreads. |
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Counting the cost of HIV in Southern Africa |
A study by the International Monetary Fund warns that health
services in southern Africa are already over-stretched. The
current cost of providing health services to HIV patients’
accounts for a very large proportion of total health
expenditure for most countries in the region. As the number
of AIDS patients increases, the situation will deteriorate. |
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Destabilizing Impacts of HIV/AIDS |
The impacts of HIV/AIDS on the critical infrastructures that
sustain the security, stability, and viability of modern
nation-states are manifold. In much of the developing
world, particularly in Africa, HIV/AIDS is undermining
education and health systems, economic growth, micro
enterprises, policing and military capabilities, political
legitimacy, family structures, and overall social cohesion. |
217 kb pdf |
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Dirty Needles Blamed for HIV |
Children in South Africa are being infected with HIV through
dirty needles, experts have claimed |
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Eastern Europe-assessing impact on Parallel HIV, TB, and STD
Epidemics |
Since 1989 the countries of Eastern Europe have undergone a
period of unparalleled change. The change began with
political liberalization, which resulted in the creation of
new governments and countries. However, this has been
happening concurrent with economic decline and a collapse of
many social services. It is not at all certain that the
majority of citizens of East Europe would regard this as
‘reform.’ |
Pdf 71 kb |
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Economic Consequences of HIV in Russia |
Decline in participation rates, Decline in productivity,
Decline in human capital, Increased consumption expenditures
- less funds for investment, Lower propensity to safe - less
investment |
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Economic Deprivation and AIDS in Mass. USA |
This study quantified AIDS incidence in Massachusetts in
relation to economic deprivation |
PDF / 339KB |
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Economic Impact |
Assessing the magnitude of the economic impact hinges, of
course, on the difficult task of determining the cause of
the epidemic itself. Based on anecdotal evidence at the
household and firm level, however, a reasonable hypothesis
is that the impact on the productive sectors will be
channeled through changes in the size and quality of the
labor force. Given the scale of the epidemic in some hard
hit countries, it is conceivable that long-run growth in per
capita output will be constrained. AIDS predominantly
affects adults in their prime sexual and most productive
ages, and unlike many other diseases afflicting adults in
developing countries, it is fatal. Furthermore, this
disease does not spare the occupation of urban elite, who is
arguably among the most productive members of the economy.
They thought that the virus first spread among higher
socioeconomic classes in African countries. Indeed,
infection rates in African urban centers are often double
those in rural areas (AIDS is already the leading cause of
adult death in Abidjan, and about 20 percent of adults are
infected). |
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Economic Impact of AIDS |
The socio-economic causes and consequences of the HIV
epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Part 2 looks more closely at
the socio-economic impact of the epidemic on Southern
Africa. Analysis |
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Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. |
Since the first cases of HIV/AIDS were reported 20 years
ago, nearly 58 million people have been infected and 22
million have dies. Consensus in the international community
has grown over the past two years that HIV/AIDS poses a
threat to development, security, and economic growth. |
Pdf 91 kb |
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Economics of AIDS-impact mitigation |
The adverse economic impact of HIV/AIDS is becoming
increasingly evident. In high-prevalence countries the
growth rates of gross domestic product are slowing down, the
manpower losses in key sectors are mounting, the number of
orphans is increasing and household poverty is deepening.
These countries are facing the formidable challenge of
mitigating the economic impact of HIV/AIDS. |
PDF / 268KB |
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Economy and Epidemic: Microfinance and HIV/AIDS in Asia |
Asia faces a serious AIDS epidemic. In the year 2000, the
number of new adult HIV infections per year in Asia exceeded
that of Africa for the first time. This paper explores ways
that Microfinance Institutions can assist their clients to
cope with the impact of HIV/AIDS |
976 kb pdf |
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Economics of HIV/AIDS: Multisectoral Impacts and
Programmatic Implications |
HIV/AIDS is a global health calamity. It is also a profound
human tragedy for the victims, their families, and their
communities. At the end of 2003, the disease had already
killed an estimated 30 million people, and 40 million more
were living with the virus. |
Pdf 192 kb |
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Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases 2003 |
Power Point Presentation |
1344 kb |
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FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY
ASSESSMENT MISSION TO LESOTHO |
Lesotho’s cereal production appears to be on a downward
trend, especially in the main producing districts of Berea,
Butha-Buthe, Leribe and Maseru. This is cause for concern
and should be fully investigated. Endemic soil erosion,
weather-related disasters and the impact of HIV/AIDS
pandemic are likely to be major underlying causes.
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Financing & Quality of HIV Care |
Many state Medicaid programs have adopted managed care as
well as a variety of other measures to ensure that MCOs
caring for high-cost enrollees can continue to provide
quality care and are protected from financial risk. |
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Future Forsaken: Abuses Against Children Affected by
HIV/AIDS in India |
Millions of Indians, including at least hundreds of
thousands of children, are living with human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Many more children are otherwise seriously affected by
India’s burgeoning epidemic—when they are forced to withdraw
from school to care for sick parents, are forced to work to
replace their parents’ income, or are orphaned (losing one
or both parents to AIDS) |
1049 kb pdf |
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Gender, AIDS, and ARV Therapies-ensuring that women gain
equitable access to drugs |
Given limited resources, choices will inevitable be made
about who will be treated and when, raising the issues of
equity in access to treatment for sub-groups of those
infected |
181 kb pdf |
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Global Crisis-Global Action |
Deeply concerned that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, through
its devastating scale and impact, constitutes a global
emergency and one of the most formidable challenges to human
life and dignity, as well as to the effective enjoyment of
human rights, which undermines social and economic
development throughout the world and affects all levels of
society - national, community, family and individual |
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Global Estimates of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the world of
work
Executive summary
Part 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Part 2
Chapter 5
Chapter
6
Bibliography
Technical
notes
Main tables
Main table 1
Main table 2
Main table 3
Main table 4
Main table 5
Main table 6 |
Download the report complete
(Large file-please allow extra time for download)
Contents and introduction
Global Estimates of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the world of
work
Global estimates: overview of main tables
The macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS: human capital, labour
and production
The impact of HIV/AIDS on the world of work
The impact on women and children
Policy
implications and the response to HIV/AIDS in the world of
work
Policy implications
The response to HIV/AIDS in the world of work
Basic data on HIV/AIDS, the labour force, population, age
groups and dependency, 50 countries, 2000-2005
Estimated impact of HIV/AIDS on economic growth, 47
countries, 1992-2002
3A: Estimated impact of HIV/AIDS on the labour force,
according to 3 durations of Stages 3 and 4 of HIV/AIDS, 50
countries, 1995 3B: Projected impact of HIV/AIDS on the
labour force, according to 3 durations of Stages 3 and 4 of
HIV/AIDS, 50 countries, 2005 3C: Projected impact of
HIV/AIDS on the labour force, according to 3 durations of
Stages 3 and 4 of HIV/AIDS, 50 countries, 2015
Estimated and projected cumulative mortality losses to the
male, female and total labour force as a result of HIV/AIDS,
and equivalent proportion of the total labour force, 50
countries, 1995-2015
Estimated indirect mortality impact of HIV/AIDS on children,
2003, and direct impact on working-age persons, 50
countries, years 1995, 2005 and 2015
6A:
Estimated increase in economic burden and social burden due
to deaths and due to illness for durations 1, 2 and 3 of
Stages 3 and 4 of HIV/AIDS, 50 countries, 1995
6B: Projected increase in economic burden and social burden
due to deaths and due to illness for durations 1, 2 and 3 of
Stages 3 and 4 of HIV/AIDS, 50 countries, 2005
6C: Projected increase in economic burden and social burden
due to deaths and due to illness for durations 1, 2 and 3 of
Stages 3 and 4 of HIV/AIDS, 50 countries, 2015 |
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Global tensions grow over AIDS |
The number of people infected with HIV/Aids will grow
significantly by the end of the decade, reaching up to 75
million in the world's five most populous countries and
continuing to decimate millions in Central and Southern
Africa, a new US intelligence report says.
The report
also says rates of infection will grow dramatically in
Russia, China, India, Nigeria and Ethiopia, with the last
two countries being the hardest hit if urgent steps are not
taken to implement education and preventive programs about
HIV/Aids. |
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Global Infectious Disease Threat & Its implications. |
CIA report on infectious diseases (large report-increase
download time) |
2,517 kb pdf |
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Guidelines for preparation & execution of socio-economic
impact study |
This document provides basic concepts to assist thinking
about the implications together with ideas and techniques
for planning responses to the medium and longer term social
and economic impact of AIDS |
PDF / 193KB |
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HEALTHY DEMOCRACIES? The potential impact of AIDS on
democracy in Southern Africa |
Social scientists are only beginning to understand the range
of potential impacts the HIV/AIDS pandemic may have on
Southern African societies. Belatedly, researchers began
compiling evidence about the demographic, economic and
social impacts of the disease on infected people, their
households and communities, national populations and
national economies. They have only recently begun to develop
propositions about the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the broader
processes of governance. However, the implications of the
pandemic for the survival and consolidation of democratic
government, in particular, remain largely unexamined. This
paper attempts to systematise emerging thinking about the
various economic, social and political consequences of
HIV/AIDS in the context of political science's best
available knowledge about the factors that lead to the
consolidation of democracy. |
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HIV/AIDS and child labour in Zambia |
This rapid assessment examined correlations between the
HIV/Aids pandemic and child labor in Zambia, and
subsequently on the welfare of children in terms of their
health, education, etc. It assesses gender issues related to
HIV/Aids, as well as analyzing the coping or survival
strategies of girls and boys, including Aids orphans and
assesses the child laborers' awareness and knowledge of
HIV/Aids |
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HIV/AIDS and Globalization |
Disease epidemics have been related as both cause and effect
to increasing integration of human economies, societies and
cultures throughout history. It is well known that
infectious disease is not equally distributed between
different societies and different sections of the same
society. This clear on a global scale where disparities in
exposure to infection and access to public health provision
and health care are acute. |
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HIV/AIDS & Human Rights |
The ILO estimates that over 25 million workers worldwide are
infected with HIV, and millions more are affected by the
epidemic, including the tragic situation of children
orphaned by AIDS. Prevention of the further spread of the
epidemic is essential, as are measures to mitigate its
impact, including the provision of care and support. Neither
prevention nor care, however, is effective in settings where
the rights of workers and individuals are not respected. |
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HIV/aids and child labour in Zambia: a rapid assessment on
the case |
This rapid assessment examined correlations between the
HIV/Aids pandemic and child labour in Zambia, and
subsequently on the welfare of children in terms of their
health, education, etc. It assesses gender issues related to
HIV/Aids, as well as analysing the coping or survival
strategies of girls and boys, including Aids orphans and
assesses the child labourers' awareness and knowledge of
HIV/Aids. |
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HIV/AIDS and the Workforce Crisis in Health in Africa:
Issues for Discussion |
This paper summarizes the key issues confronting human
resources (HR) in the health sector in sub-Saharan Africa
and the role that HIV/AIDS has played in exacerbating this
crisis. Section I reviews the causes and consequences of
this crisis. Section II focuses on the effects of the HIV/
AIDS epidemic on the crisis. Section III analyzes the
constraints faced by recent health initiatives in addressing
HR issues. Finally, Section IV provides recommendations on
how donors and other partners can address HR issues in a
more intensive, sustained, and concerted manner. |
Pdf 312 kb |
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HIV/AIDS as a Regional Security Threat-China |
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xinjiang and throughout the greater
Central Asian region is a pressing security concern to China
and the entire Central Asian region. Xinjiang’s HIV/AIDS
situation…bleakly reveals that China and the entire
geopolitical region faces a security issue of the gravest
proportions. |
31 kb pdf |
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HIV/AIDS: confronting a
killer: The HIV/AIDS epidemic: a brief overview A new
disease emerges |
The immensity and rapidity of the spread of HIV have
reversed gains in life expectancy in many African countries.
But the worst may be yet to come. The poorer regions of
Asia, including densely populated southern Asia, are the
latest areas to be affected by the emerging AIDS epidemic.
There has been an alarming rise in HIV/AIDS cases in Asia
over the past two decades; the burden of disease and death
in the region will be enormous if current epidemiological
trends are not slowed or reversed. Developed countries are
also afflicted. The Russian Federation and Ukraine, along
with other countries in eastern Europe and countries in
central Asia, have the most rapidly expanding HIV epidemics.
Here the disease is more closely tied to injecting drug use,
which itself is linked to a rapid rise in indices of social
inequality. Although the absolute number of AIDS cases in
the former Soviet Union remains relatively small, the
epidemic is expanding rapidly in the Russian Federation and
other countries in the region |
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HIV/AIDS Epidemics Expand Rapidly in Asia |
The rapid spread of HIV/AIDS epidemics in Asia, illustrated
by dramatic increases in new infections in China, Thailand,
and Vietnam over the past year, poses particularly worrisome
challenges for the international health community. |
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HIV/AIDS in Africa |
The Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa. The
major concerns to businesses in areas where HIV prevalence
is high are reduced productivity and increased costs. List
of reasons |
784 kb pdf |
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HIV/AIDS in the Workplace |
The spread of HIV/AIDS worldwide, and the growing number of
people affected, makes it very likely that few, if any,
global companies will escape its impact. As the pandemic
progresses, an ever-wider sphere of business operations is
being touched by the disease. Although Africa and Asia have
been the hardest hit, every continent has seen significant
consequences due to HIV/AIDS. Estimates by the World Bank
suggest that the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS may reduce
the growth of national income by up to a third in countries
where the prevalence among adults is 10 percent.
Additionally, rates of HIV infection worldwide are highest
for the young and for women, who are major contributors to
the workforce |
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HIV/AIDS IS A LABOUR ISSUE |
AIDS is not recognised as a labour issue, especially in the
Third World. Yet it should be for two key reasons – victims
suffer discrimination caused by fear and ignorance of
employers and workmates, and it kills workers. |
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HIV/AIDS on top of Poverty: What needs to be done?
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Extreme poverty, which is associated not only with
underdeveloped infrastructure of health, but also similarly
primitive other sectors of development, is the main reason
why we have uncontrolled spread of HIV/AIDS and its
devastating complications (incredible suffering, loss of
lives and other resources, worsening of risk of famine,
etc). The world community is reluctantly accepting this
central issue (way far from ridiculing it just a couple
years ago). |
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HIV/AIDS prevention and ‘class’ and socio-economic related
factors of risk of HIV infection |
Despite a multitude of prevention activities people continue
to be infected by HIV. The epidemic which initially emerged
among middle class gay men seems to have shifted toward
working class people. Subsequently, people with lower
socio-economic background seem to be more at risk of HIV
infection and to have fewer possibilities to cope with the
risk of HIV infection. |
Pdf 236 kb |
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HIV/AIDS: What are the implications for humanitarian action?
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The report considers the complex relationships between
HIV/Aids and food security and that in order to capture the
diversity and complexity of the interactions between
HIV/Aids and food security, a clear conceptual model is
needed. |
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HIV and AIDS: The Global
Inter-Connection STRUGGLING WITH CONTRADICTIONS |
This social history has resulted in a double standard and is
responsible for many of the contradictions that pervade
Filipino life. These contradictions manifest and represent a
distinct aspect of the national personality. Youngsters are
torn between the family's strict moral codes and peer group
pressure to break sexual taboos. As a rite of passage,
groups of friends commonly arrange for boys to lose their
virginity in brothels. Marriage is extolled as the social
ideal, yet married men regularly seek extra-marital sex. Sex
work is regularly denounced and blamed on the American
military and other foreigners. Yet, in one study, female sex
workers said that 75 per cent of their clients were local
married men |
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HIV-economics, morality |
It (AIDS) is the fourth most important cause of death. There
is considerable variation in the pattern of epidemic spread
between countries, within countries and even quite locally. |
PDF / 48KB |
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Home Care for PLWHA: The Power of our Community |
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has created a crisis of unprecedented
proportion that greatly impacts society as a whole, especially women
and their reproductive health. Communities everywhere are
struggling to respond
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419 kb pdf |
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Household Responses to Prime
Are Adult Mortality in Rural Mozambique: Implications for
HIV/AIDS Mitigation Efforts and Rural Economic Development
Policies |
The objective of this paper is to use nationally
representative rural household survey data from Mozambique
to investigate the effects of prime age adult death from
illness. The paper also evaluates the characteristics of
affected individuals and households, household demographic
changes and livelihood adjustment strategies taken in
response to prime age death from illness |
214 kb pdf |
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How Does HIV/AIDS Affect African Businesses? |
For African businesses to attract new investors, they must
demonstrate a competitive advantage. In much of Africa,
businesses already have a competitive advantage because
labor is abundant, affordable, and productive. Countries
inevitably compete against one another to attract investors.
In turn, investors seek to locate their businesses in a
country that has the most productive, lowest-cost workforce.
There are several mechanisms by which HIV/AIDS affects the
international competitiveness of African businesses: Labor
Supply, Profitability, other Impacts |
Pdf 544 kb |
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Human Resource Managers. |
Human Resource Managers have a particularly important role
to play in an organizational response to HIV/AIDS. It is
their responsibility to manage the problems caused by
HIV/AIDS in the workplace at both an organizational and
individual level. This dichotomy between organizational
requirements and those of individuals living with or
affected by HIV/AIDS makes this a challenging task. |
Pdf 1,034 kb |
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Impact of AIDS on the Health Sector |
The AIDS epidemic poses enormous challenges to the health
systems of developing countries. The magnitude of the
epidemic requires medical care and social support for those
infected. Yet, the threat of future infections demands an
effective preventive programme. And AIDS must compete for
resources with acute infectious diseases and the growing
burden of chronic diseases |
51 kb pdf |
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Impact of AIDS on Older People in Africa: Zimbabwe Case
Study |
The main focus of the project is to "identify barriers that
prevent older people from providing adequate & fulfilling
care to their children dying from HIV/AIDS & subsequently,
to their orphaned grandchildren". The project is set in 4
countries: Zimbabwe, Ghana, South Africa & Tanzania & hopes
to be the driving force behind new policies & programmes
"that would sustain older people as key assets in the care
of the terminally ill patients & children orphaned by AIDS". |
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Impact of HIV/AIDS on Agriculture and the Private Sector in
Swaziland |
Swaziland
has one of the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the world.
The excess morbidity and mortality due to the disease has
wide ranging socioeconomic implications for the national
economy and the various sectors. HIV/AIDS leads to
destruction of social capital, weakening of institutions and
deepens poverty. The demographic impact and resultant
reduction in labour force; and associated income changes
will have significant effects on society and 115 the
economy. Households, the community, the national economy and
business firms, will not escape the impact. |
Pdf 535 kb |
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IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST HIV/AIDS |
Since the HIV/AIDS pandemic began in the early 1980s, it has
been spreading rapidly in many developing countries. Today,
its impact on health and socio-economic development is
highly visible in these countries, and their attempts to
prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS have so far met
with little success. In fact, the prevalence of HIV
infection among young adults in developing countries has
increased at an alarming rate. |
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Initial Burden of Disease
Estimates for South Africa, 2000 |
Comprehensive, timely and precise health information is
essential for formulating health policy and for planning to
meet the demand for appropriate health services and
interventions. Information about the burden of disease in
South Africa, in common with other developing countries, is
incomplete and generally has hot been systematically
reviewed for coherence and consistency |
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International Cost Limits Treatment of HIV in India |
The plight of HIV-infected Indians is of particular concern
today, as it becomes increasingly clear that this country of
about one billion people has a growing AIDS problem. Last
week the Indian government disclosed that the country's
number of HIV/AIDS cases had jumped 15% in 2002, raising the
total number infected to 4.58 million, or about 0.5% of the
population. |
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Labour market and employment implications of HIV/AIDS |
Analysis of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS has focused
mainly on the effects of the epidemic on costs that directly
affect productive activities and reduce profits at the
enterprise level. While information on costs that
enterprises have incurred as a result of HIV infection, such
as medical expenditure, recruitment and training costs,
funeral expenses, and so on, has been useful as a tool for
advocacy, this has been of limited use for an overall
assessment of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS because of
relative neglect of a whole set of labour market and
employment issues. There are also lacunae in the present
state of knowledge relating to the impact of AIDS on human
capital at the level of productive activities. |
Pdf 220 kb |
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Lagging Policy response & impact. |
Lagging policy response and impact on children: the case of
Cote d’Ivoire |
590 kb pdf |
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Local agricultural knowledge key to fighting HIV/AIDS and
food insecurity |
The explosive impact of HIV/AIDS on food security in Africa
is now well recognized. But little has been done to empower
rural communities with local resources to cope with this
crisis |
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Long-run Economic costs of AIDS: Theory and an Application
to South Africa . |
We argue that this emphasis is misplaced and that, with a
more plausible view of how the economy functions over the
long fun, the economic cost of AIDS are almost certain to be
much higher. Not only does AIDS destroy existing human
capital, but by killing mostly young adults, it also weakens
the mechanism through which knowledge and abilities are
transmitted from one generation to the next,; for the
children of AIDS victims will be left without one or both
parents to love, raise and educate them |
Pdf 570 kb |
