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10-yr. Strategy for increasing Capital Flows to Africa |
Africa’s
economic isolation has deep implications for world stability,
commerce, and indeed, humanity |
501 kb pdf |
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2000--US Census Status and Trends of HIV Epidemic |
A team of
internationally recognized technical specialists in
epidemiology, modelling, economics, demography, public health,
and international development was formed to monitor the dynamics
of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and various regional epidemics
|
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2004 World Population Data Sheet |
Looking at the
trend over that period, 14 African countries are estimated to
have had a decline in their HIV/AIDS prevalence, led by Kenya
and Uganda. In contrast, 24 African countries are believed to
have shown either no decrease or a rise in HIV/AIDS prevalence. |
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O6 AIDS epidemic Update
(Large report, increase download time)
|
Promising developments have been seen in recent years in
global efforts to address the AIDS epidemic, including
increased access to effective treatment and prevention
programmes. However, the number of people living with
HIV continues to grow, as does the number of deaths due
to AIDS. A total of 39.5 million [34.1 million–47.1
million] people were living with HIV in 2006—2.6 million
more than in 2004. This figure includes the estimated
4.3 million [3.6 million–6.6 million] adults and
children who were newly infected with HIV in 2006, which
is about 400 000 more than in 2004. |
Pdf 2245 kb |
|
A REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
ON HIV/AIDS |
In studying economic and political settings connected with
high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, social scientists have come to the
conclusion that there is a clear link between levels of HIV/AIDS
and poverty throughout the world. Whilst an impressive amount of
research has been undertaken to study the impact of the
epidemic, less has been achieved in mitigating its effects of
deepening poverty and the rolling back of development gains. |
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A Spatially Explicit Modelling Approach to
Socio-economic Development in South Africa |
South
Africa finds itself at a development cross road:
optimism for ‘high road’ development is bisected by a
wasteland of poverty and overpopulation. Intervention
policies are largely ‘faith-based’, even in the face of
rising uncertainties surrounding population growth,
HIV/Aids and resource availability. Added to this are
the complexities of disparate spatial development and
social scenarios, mass urbanization and immigration. |
Pdf 223 kb |
|
Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic |
At the dawn of the new millennium, there are few threats more
dangerous to mankind than the global HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Infecting 40 million people and already accounting for 25 million
deaths, it could well become the worst health crisis in modern
history. While centered today in sub-Saharan Africa, it is
spreading rapidly in India, China, Central Asia, and Russia.
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Adolescents through the Lifecourse: Variation in Cultures
of Sexuality and Risk in Rural South Africa |
Within the context of South Africa’s severe HIV epidemic,
young people face a disproportionate risk. With more than
10% of those aged 15-24 infected, the epidemic impacts heavily
on this age group. Factors associated with heightened
sexual risk in young people include women having an older
partner, multiple partnerships, especially for men, and
inconsistent condom use. |
Pdf 194 kb |
|
Adult Mortality in the Era of HIV/AIDS:
Sub-Saharan Africa |
The strong
age-specific impact of HIV on mortality is reshaping the
population structure of African countries with substantial
epidemics. The survival of adults in the worst effected
countries is substantially reduced which will eventually
depopulate certain tiers of the age pyramid, reducing the number
of adults available to reproduce, and this together with the
impact of HIV on fertility itself, will substantially alter the
age distribution of severely impacted African populations for
many decades to come |
Pdf 611 kb |
|
African AIDS: Impacts of
Globalization, Pharmaceutical Apartheid, and Treatment Activism |
Worldwide,
but especially in Africa, a disproportionate number of
infections occur in late teenage and young adult years.
Although HIV/AIDS in African affects both men and women, women
how have a higher overall infection rate than men, and women
contract the virus at a munch younger age, 5-10 years earlier,
because of numerous co-factors, including cross-age sex between
younger teenage women and older, already infected men, the
effects of young age and STD’s on vaginal susceptibility to
viral transmission, and lack of power of younger women to
negotiate safer sex practices. |
385 kb pdf |
|
Africa: The Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS |
It is at the
level of the family and community that the fullest impacts of
the HIV pandemic is unraveling. One such ramification is AIDS
related poverty among households. Across the African continent,
the most vulnerable people are the most economically active. As
these active people die, families are struggling to cope not
just emotionally, but also economically. Poverty is increasing
as bread-winners die and scarce savings are utilized in the
period of ill health. As savings dwindle, families begin to
fragment economically. One implication of this fragmentation of
families is the rising numbers of orphan children on our
continent. |
Pdf 1104 kb |
|
African
Microenterprise AIDS Initiative- Preventing the spread of
HIV/AIDS by empowering women in Africa |
Disadvantaged
African women require both economic empowerment and HIV/AIDS
education to significantly reduce their susceptibility to the
HIV virus. Their lack of resources and understanding constrains
them to high-risk sexual behavior |
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Age and AIDS: a Lethal Mix
for South Africa’s Crime Rate |
Barring a
miracle whereby an inexpensive cure is found for AIDS, the
coming decades will be harsh on South Africa. AIDS will
decimate the country’s pool of young workers, and place
substantial pressure on an already overburdened public health
system. Decreasing levels of productivity and a reduction in
the country’s gross national product will follow. The disease
is also hitting South Africa at the worst possible time when the
number of juveniles as a proportion of the general population
will be at a high point. This, and the resulting surge in the
number of orphans, will create a sustained upward pressure on
crime rates throughout the country |
173 kb pdf |
|
Agriculture &
AIDS |
the Ministries
of Agriculture generally continue to consider HIV/AIDS as a
health issue and do not perceive that the spread of the
epidemics in rural populations is linked to their vulnerability
resulting in part from a failure in development. It is only
recently that some MOAs have considered their role in relation
to HIV/AIDS and they still see their involvement as implying
additional tasks without additional resources |
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|
AIDS &
democracy in South Africa |
What are the
implications of HIV/AIDS for democracy? How does democracy
affect the spread of HIV/AIDS and the extent of its impacts?
What type of democracy and what type of policies are best suited
to responding to this epidemic? |
Pdf 184 kb |
|
AIDS & democracy:
What do we Know? |
It is essential
to note from the outset the paucity of substantive data and
primary research on the topic of HIV/AIDS and democracy. The
vast majority of sources discussed in this paper are theoretical
or conceptual pieces which speculate—with varying degrees of
expertise—on the possible, probable, or expected impact of HIV/AIDS
on security and democracy, as well as the impact of
insecurity and antidemocratic forces on accelerating the spread
of HIV, or of democracy and governance on slowing that spread.
|
Pdf 94 kb |
|
AIDS, Economics and Terrorism in Africa |
After years
of denial, there is now little debate about the economic impact
of AIDS in countries with high prevalence rates. AIDS kills
people in the most productive years of their lives and leads to
dramatic increases in private and public health care spending
while tax revenues decline. Foreign investors are less likely
to invest in areas with high HIV prevalence because AIDS
decimates human capital and reduces public investment in
education. |
158 kb pdf |
|
AIDS
Erupts as National Security Issue - Epidemics Threaten Russia,
China and India |
Five years
ago, the Clinton Administration identified AIDS as a national
and global security threat, declaring that it has the potential
to destabilize governments. Today, the threat has grown as
governments across sub-Saharan Africa teeter on the brink of
collapse while those in developed and developing states differ
greatly in their reactions to the devastating disease from
denial to the suggestion of aggressive action. |
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AIDS and Older Persons: The View from Thailand |
Although
little attention has been paid to older adults in the context of
the global AIDS epidemic, they not only can contract HIV
themselves but, far more commonly, they experience multiple
consequences as in their role as parents of younger adults who
become ill and die from AIDS. Older persons also make
significant contributions to the well-being of younger adults
who suffer from AIDS by playing a major role in care giving to
their infected sons and daughters and by assuming the role of
foster parents for their grandchildren who are left behind as
AIDS orphans emphasizing the consequences for and the
contributions by older persons in their role as AIDS parents. |
360 kb pdf |
|
AIDS Becoming Youth Epidemic |
Young people
are increasingly responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS around
the world because of poverty and a severe lack of information
and prevention services, the United Nations said Wednesday.
Every 14 seconds a person aged between 15 and 24 is infected
with the virus. They now account for half all new cases of the
disease, the U.N. Population Fund said in its annual State of
the World's Population report |
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AIDS Epidemic
Grows Unchecked |
"AIDS has become the biggest threat to the continentís
redevelopment... essential services are being depleted at the
same time as state institutions and resources come under greater
strain...the risks of social unrest and even socio-political
instability should not be underestimated." Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, covering much of the area that formed the Soviet
Union and its East European satellite countries, has experienced
the fastest rise in levels of HIV infection. |
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AIDS/HIV Disease and Socio-Culturally Diverse Populations |
Culture
embodies the values, attitudes, beliefs and practices of a group
as well as its roles and structures, communication styles,
technology, art, and artifacts. The numbers of reported cases of
AIDS/HIV disease are dramatically increasing in some ethnic and
minority groups. |
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AIDS: How a
Killer Plague Can Be Stopped |
The facts about
AIDS are overwhelming. The disease is spreading rapidly from
country to country. Morgues are working round the clock to keep
up with the demand. Millions of orphans are left behind by their
dead parents. Cemeteries are filled and overflowing. Coffin
makers are running out of wood. Ignorance, superstition and fear
abound. Governments are paralyzed by the sheer enormity of the
death toll. Medical services are swamped and unable to cope. |
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AIDS Impact Model (AIM) Approach |
The toolkit
considers the questions (AIDS) and offers some discussion and
guidelines for activists determined to increase political
commitment for effective HIV/AIDS policies and programs.
|
774 kb PDF |
|
AIDS impact on
children—Lagging
Policy response & impact. |
The number of
the reported cases increased from 2 in 1985 to 56,000 in 1999.
AIDS has become the leading cause of mortality among adults and
one of the first in children, and the mortality associated with
the disease has reduced life expectancy at birth from 65 years
to 55 years in 2000. |
Pdf 590 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—Overview
of the Impact & best responses. |
This paper
reviews the community and public policy interventions introduced
so far to moderate the impact of the disease on children and
families and discusses the advantages and limitations of such
interventions. The main problem of the measures introduced so
far is their nearly exclusive focus on prevention and the health
sector. While this approach is understandable in the early
phase of the epidemics, its ability to protect child well-being
appears now limited. |
Pdf 261 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—Poverty
and AIDS. |
AIDS is a very
long wave event. The true death toll cannot be estimated until
the full waveform of the epidemic has been seen. It may be as
long as 50 years before we can say that the world epidemic has
peaked and/or begun to decline. |
Pdf 128 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—The
Current & future impact on children |
The impacts
infant and child mortality rates will double over 15 years, life
expectancy will dramatically decline as more children acquire
HIV, millions of orphans will be created as adults die and these
children will kept in poverty and be less likely to attend
school and receive the normal socialization of childhood. |
Pdf 380 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—Impact
of HIV/AIDS on Children: Light and Shadows in the successful
case- Uganda
|
The analyses of
the socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on children in Uganda,
with specific focus on their health, education and social
welfare, and on the current and future policy/program responses
in the field of prevention, treatment and mitigation. |
Pdf 235 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—The
impact on a Growing HIV/AIDS Epidemic on the Kenyan Children
|
HIV prevalence
in Kenya increased from 5.3 percent in 1990 to 13.5 percent in
2002 with the number of children under 5 years living with HIV
growing from 32,000 in 1990 to 106,000 in 2000. |
Pdf 81 kb |
|
AIDS impact on
children—The
socio-economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on children in a Low
Prevalence Context |
The main
features of this adequate policy (in Senegal) consist of a
timely response, an eagerness to anticipate on new developments,
the strategic involvement of religious and political leaders,
effective STD-control programs, and the construction of strong
responses at the community level. |
Pdf 92 kb |
|
AIDS in prison-problems, policies presentation |
Slide show of
the various problems found in a prison system dealing with
HIV/AIDS |
159 kb PDF |
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AIDS is cutting African Life Span to 30-year Low
|
In AIDS-ravaged
parts of southern Africa adult mortality is higher than it was
30 years ago, the World Health Organization said Thursday.
In 14 African countries, the United Nations agency said in its
annual World Health Report, child mortality is higher than it
was in 1990, with more than300 children out of every 1,000 born
in Sierra Leone dying before the age of 5. |
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AIDS needn't wipe out millions |
Should we make
Aids a notifiable disease? If so, what do we do with the
existing stigma of the disease, fed by ignorance? What will that
do to insurance policies and premiums? These are important
questions that will need answers.
When the Medical Research
Council issued results of a similar study last year and declared
that 20% of adult deaths were caused by Aids, the government
ordered a new investigation.
Given the stance it has taken
at various times about the causes and impact of Aids, it was
clear its hope was that Stats SA would produce "better" results. |
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AIDS orphans & vulnerable children An evidence-led response |
Power Point
Presentation-an evidence-led response |
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AIDS Pandemic reduces Life Expectancy in Africa by 20 years
|
Life expectancy
in some African countries has fallen by 20 years in the past
decade, mainly due to the HIV/Aids crisis.
Child and adult mortality rates in more than a dozen sub-Saharan
countries have increased in the past 10 years, even as life
expectancy in developed countries is improving.
The WHO report uses a simple comparison to highlight the issue:
a girl born in Britain today can expect to live to 80.6 years. A
girl born in Sierra Leone is unlikely to make it past her 36th
birthday. |
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AIDS takes an economic & Social Toll |
While wreaking
havoc on the present generation, the disease jeopardizes the
future as well, undermining African economies and societies in
ways that often are not immediately apparent. |
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AIDS takes its toll in infant mortality |
Health
officials and undertakers this week said that although Aids is
not a notifiable disease by law, they believed that most of the
372 babies could have died of Aids-related illnesses. |
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AIDS task team About to Complete its' Work |
South Africa
also continued to apply itself, despite resistance from some
industrialised countries, to securing an appropriate World Trade
Organisation (WTO) agreement to facilitate developing countries'
access to essential medicines for major health problems
including HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria |
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|
AIDS Threatens
SME |
The future
success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and the livelihood
of many South Africans could soon be off the economic radar
screen if business fails to deal with the destructive HIV/AIDS
threatening the SME. |
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AIDS to Hit Work Force |
South Africa's
economy will be hard hit in 2003 as hundreds of thousands of
HIV-infected workers develop full-blown Aids, and few companies
have prepared for this. |
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AIDS, Hunger, Terror Threaten World Security |
Warning that
the world is living in fearful times and that fear is a bad
advisor, he said: "True security must be based on the proven
principles of human rights. Some, in fact an increasing number,
of states implicitly or explicitly believe that security and a
rigorous respect of civil and political liberties are mutually
exclusive. But we also have a right to security when faced with
the ambitions of states, whether our own or others. We cannot
compromise our hard-won human rights to give states a free hand
in fighting terrorism. |
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AIDS
impact on economy |
Macroeconomic
research issues: There seems to be a consensus that accurate
effects at the macroeconomic level are difficult to ascertain.
Various people made suggestions as to how estimates could be
improved: |
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Allocating HIV Prevention Resources 2002 |
The primary
goal of HIV prevention is to prevent as many infections as
possible. This requires allocating HIV-prevention resources
according to cost effectiveness principles: those activities
that prevent more infections per dollar are favored over those
that prevent fewer. This is not current practice in the United
States, where prevention resources from the federal government
to the states flow in proportion to reported AIDS cases.
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An ILO study on the socio-economic impact of HIV on infected
persons finds that the HIV-positive face the maximum
discrimination within their families |
In 2002, ILO
(India) initiated a study to understand the socio-economic
impact of HIV/AIDS on infected persons and their families,
particularly women and children. The findings of this report,
which was published recently, are both meaningful and
significant because of the sensitivity with which the study was
carried out. Conducted in collaboration with the network of
people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the study underlines the
adverse economic impact of HIV/AIDS, and the trauma arising from
stigma, discrimination and ostracism. |
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|
Anti-AIDS Effort in Central China Focuses on Former Plasma
Donors |
The epidemic in
Central China took root between the late 1980s and the
late-1990s when entrepreneurs paid poor farmers in Henan
province for plasma — the liquid portion of blood that provides
critical proteins for blood clotting and immunity. The farmers,
who were not tested for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or other
blood-borne infections, gave blood to collection centers, which
pooled the blood of several donors of the same blood type,
separated the plasma, and injected the remaining red-blood cells
back into individual donors to prevent anemia. |
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ASSA AIDS and Demographic Models
(Large
report-increased download time) |
The Actuarial
Society of South Africa (ASSA) felt that it was desirable for
people to have access to a non-proprietary programme which users
could alter to suit their needs. In 1996, ASSA therefore
released the ASSA500 model. |
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Assessing the Value of American Investment in Medical Research
|
How does a
venture capitalist decide where to invest his money? He compares
the potential for return against the risk, and when the return
appears to be significant and the risk isn't too great, he
invests. As our country makes decisions about its future
investment in medical research, it might apply a similar
standard. |
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An assessment of trends in Child Mortality-Tanzania |
Comparing the
results of the TRCHS 1999 with the TDHS 1996 suggests that child
mortality in Tanzania has increased. Yet, five-year trends
within the TRCHS suggest the opposite. How should these trends
be interpreted? |
95 kb pdf |
|
Barcelona Report on HIV prevalence and impact |
Power Point
Presentation with several grafts and diagrams |
820 kb |
|
BONELA POLICY PAPER ON HIV/AIDS AND EMPLOYMENT |
In a broad
sense, HIV/AIDS affects the workplace in many aspects: it
affects productivity; it can increase business costs, and affect
the national economy. Productivity is reduced because of
increased absenteeism and low employee morale. Business costs
are increased because of increased benefits, increased amounts
of sick pay, as well as the cost of replacing workers as others
become too sick to work, or die. |
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Case Study Executive Summary
|
DCSA
established its workplace and community HIV/AIDS project in 2001
to address the increasing financial burden associated with
HIV/AIDS. DCSA also decided to provide prevention, care, support
and treatment services to employees, their dependants and the
community as part of DCSA.s obligation to these stakeholders
based on the principles of corporate social responsibility
(CSR). This is also an extension of DaimlerChrysler's signing of
the UN Global Compact on CSR. |
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|
Causes & Consequences of AIDS. |
Presentation of
the economic issues of HIV/AIDS in Africa |
Pdf 1,119 |
|
Challenges associated with increased survival |
Increasing
numbers of women are being infected with HIV, resulting in
substantially higher numbers of infected parents. |
174 kb PDF |
|
Changing Burden of Disease in Southern Africa: A brief note on
the evidence and implications |
As the AIDS
epidemic has matured, it has clearly had devastating and
appreciable demographic and epidemiological effects. Here, three
pieces of evidence are cited which demonstrate that higher
levels of HIV transmission result in a qualitative difference in
the burden of disease. |
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Childcare & work |
This report
suggests that interventions to increase the availability of
formal day care in poor urban areas have the potential to raise
labour-force participation rates of mothers residing in poor
neighbourhoods |
PDF / 283KB |
|
Children and Armed Conflict |
A guide to
international humanitarian and human rights laws |
233 kb pdf |
|
Chronic Hepatitis C-Epidemiology and Economic Burden |
Death rates due
to Hepatitis C Virus are expected to increase |
