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HIV/AIDS Issues

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This is what happens when HIV/AIDS strikes a household in Africa

Illness and/or death of one or more household members
Change in the size and composition of households
Children orphaned by the epidemic
Addition of adult relative to assist with farm production, housework and/or child care
Temporary migration for wage work
Change in the household dependency ratio
Withdrawal of children from school to work on or off the farm for wages
Intra-household reallocation of labor
Decrease in area cultivated (increased fallow)
Decline in crop variety
Change in cropping patterns and/or animal production to less labor-intensive practices
Declining yields
Lengthening of the working day
Sex work on a casual or commercial basis
Loss of agricultural knowledge, practices and skills
Change in access to human resources
Reductions in income from farm and off-farm sources
Liquidation of savings accounts
Seeking remittances from family
Change in degree of reliance on off-farm income among male,
orphan and female-headed households
Change in wage earning among female-headed households
Change in income-generating activities among female-headed households (Topouzis 2000)
Sale of stores of value (jewelry, household goods)
Borrowing from informal sector (relatives, friends, neighbors, rural coops, rotating and savings club associations)
Borrowing from rural traders or money lenders
Pledging of future crops
Exhaustion of credit resources
Sale of livestock