|
A Critical
Examination of Responses to prostitution in Four Countries:
Victoria, Australia; Ireland; the Netherlands; and Sweden |
Prostitution
has proved a vexatious issue for politicians and policy makers.
From the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century
there were two broad positions: the ‘abolitionist’ and the
‘regulatory’. More recently a third possibility has been
explored-legalization. |
624 kb pdf |
|
A Review of Literature
on Child Prostitution |
Child
prostitution has received little attention…until the past
decade, and there is still a paucity of research.
Significant barriers to systematic research and
understanding of the issues are the invisibility of
under-are prostitutes, problems defining what constitutes
under age prostitution and the lack of services for the
children affected. |
117 kb
pdf |
|
A WAITING ROOM OF
THEIR OWN: THE FAMILY CARE NETWORK AS A MODEL FOR PROVIDING
GENDER-SPECIFIC LEGAL SERVICES TO WOMEN WITH HIV |
As the fastest growing segment of the HIV epidemic in the
United States, women with HIV have substantial needs for
services, including legal services, many of which go unmet.
HIV-infected women face numerous, varied, and
[*pg 104]
complex gender-specific barriers that prevent them from
accessing legal services at the rate and in the manner that
they would in the absence of such barriers. |
|
|
'ABCs" of HIV
Prevention.
|
Abstinence/delay of sexual debut, Being faithful/partner
reduction, and Condom use—is key to understanding and
combating sexual transmission of HIV
|
Pdf 521 kb
|
|
Abuses against sex workers and erosions of HIV prevention
efforts resulting from anti-trafficking initiatives |
The following
is direct testimony from a Pondicherry-based NGO, SFDRT
describing exactly how anti-trafficking programmes are rolling
out IN PRACTICE. Whatever the theory of anti-trafficking, UNAIDS,
ILO, UNDP, USAID and others must see that in practice
anti-trafficking initiatives are a direct threat to sexual
health programmes and to the human rights of sex workers and
migrants |
|
|
Addressing Gender-based violence-HIV sector |
Around the
world at least one woman in every three has been beaten,
coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime.
Gender-based violence can result in many negative consequences
for women’s health and well-being. |
1723 kb
pdf |
|
Addressing
HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Africa
|
ICRW and its in-country partners are investigating how
HIV/AIDS-related stigma is manifested in a community context.
By focusing on the community and its institutions - health
facilities, the workplace, schools, and religious groups - as
the basis for analysis, ICRW and its partners will gain an
understanding of those factors that perpetuate or mitigate
stigma and create barriers to HIV prevention, care, and
support efforts.
|
|
|
Adolescent Girls and Young Women and HIV/AIDS |
Most at
risk are those with a history of sexual abuse, poverty,
violence, or limited educational and economic opportunities |
152 kb pdf |
Adolescent Women
Face
Triple Jeopardy:
Unwanted Pregnancy,
HIV/AIDS
|
New HIV infections and AIDS cases continue to increase in
most developing countries, while the AIDS epidemic has most
recently reached a plateau or shown signs of a slight overall
decline in much of the developed world. Where AIDS is
increasing, new HIV infection is disproportionately
high among young women who contract the virus through sexual
intercourse…This same group has the highest rate worldwide of
unwanted pregnancy, pointing to a potentially significant
epidemiological overlap of reproductive health risk.
|
|
|
African Media Women Professional, HIV/AIDS and the Cultural
Factor |
This
report is of a presentation and recommendations. The main
objective of this seminar was to examine the cultural,
professional and social constraints media women professionals
encounter in Africa within their traditional environment…the
seminar aimed to determine the impact of reporting on HIV/AIDS
in specific contexts in Africa and to in order to determine
whether the way HIV/AIDS treated in the media contributes to
intensifying or reducing the stigmatization of people living
with AIDS |
1342 kb
pdf |
|
African
Microenterprise AIDS Initiative- Preventing the spread of
HIV/AIDS by empowering women in Africa |
Disadvantaged African women require both economic empowerment
and HIV/AIDS education to significantly reduce their
susceptibility to the HIV virus. Their lack of resources and
understanding constrains them to high-risk sexual behavior |
|
|
African Women Acting Together Against HIV/AIDS
|
The
chaotic pandemic of HIV/AIDS continues to have a devastating
impact on African women, young people and children. It
became the principal economic, social, cultural, political
and religious issue influencing daily life in Africa. The
tremendous impact and the rapidity of the spread of HIV/AIDS
have changed the African’s view on the pandemic. Long gone
is the time when many were in denial of the disaster. Today,
everyone in Africa knows that denying the reality of the
evil doesn’t save human lives. |
Pdf 1183
kb |
|
AIDS
Communication--an international view
|
What
is an “international” perspective?
|
|
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AIDS-proof your marriage - use a condom |
Thirty-four
year-old Joan Gray has never led a dissolute life so she
felt she had little need to worry about using a condom or
being at risk for HIV/AIDS.
She was
wrapped up in the security of a Christian marriage anchored
on trust. Her husband Paul was also firmly rooted in the
faith. "I trusted him because he was a child of God. And I
know that if you are a child of God, you wouldn't do nothing
to at all to hurt your wife or your husband," she said
ruefully as she reflected on her ten-year marriage.
She is
now HIV-positive - not as a result of her husband cheating
on her but because he had had unprotected sex in a previous
relationship. "Five years after we got married he learned
that his ex-girlfriend had died of AIDS. He never went to
get tested and he never told me," she said. |
|
|
Approaches to prostitution |
Power
point presentation |
655 kb |
|
As Hunger Stalks Southern Africa, HIV/AIDS is the Price
Women Pay |
The high
HIV/AIDS infection rate is exacerbating the food crisis,
according to a recent Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
report. Subsistence farmers, who make up the bulk of most
countries' populations, are struggling to produce enough
food to survive.
"The
disease is no longer a health problem alone, but is having a
measurable impact on food production, household food
security and rural people's ability to make a living," the
report said. |
|
|
Assessing the HIV Prevention Needs of Diverse Communities of
Women |
The issues
of increasing HIV infection rates among women in Canada is
cause for concern. More specifically, the causes of HIV
infection among women are not only a public health concern,
but also highlight the need to better explicate the connection
between women’s risk for HIV infection and social, political,
and economic factors. |
158 kb pdf |
|
Asian American Women: Issues, Concerns, and Responsive Human
and Civil Rights Advocacy
|
The lack
of education among Asian American women leaves them with the
false belief that they are not at risk for breast or
cervical cancer or fatalistic resignation if diagnosed with
cancer. |
|
|
Assessing Self-Efficacy for HIV Serostatus Disclosure |
Four
studies were conducted to systematically develop scales for
assessing self-efficacy to disclose HIV status to sex
partners and negotiate safer sex practices among men and
women living with HIV/AIDS |
Pdf 140 kb |
|
Background Paper for the North American Regional
Consultation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of
Children |
Any
attempts to develop a profile of youth who are involved in
prostitution in Canada are difficult because of lack of
information. There is some evidence that many are runaways
and homeless and engage in street prostitution. However,
there also are indications that some engage in prostitution
even though they live at home, and some work in venues run
under the auspices of other businesses such as escort
agencies. |
349 kb pdf |
|
Bangladesh-Human Rights
Violation
|
Human
Rights Watch found in investigations conducted in 2002 that
the Bangladesh government both commits and condones the
commission of severe violations of the human right of persons
in all three of these high-risk groups, including peer
educators who provide vital HIV prevention services
|
Pdf 1,253 kb
|
|
Bangladeshi Girls sold as Wives in North India |
This
report is based on the study of 112 Bangladeshi girls and
women who were purchased to serve as wives to men of Uttar
Pradesh or toher parts of North India. In most cases, parents
had consented to the marriage but were not aware of the sale.
The obligation to marry a daughter early and the impossibility
for poor parents to meet dowry demands were the main push
factors. |
381 kb pdf |
|
Baseline survey of sexually transmitted infections in a
cohort of female bar workers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania |
Our study
shows that prevalences of STI and HIV are very high
among female bar workers in Mbeya Region. Taken
together with the data on high risk behaviours—for
example, low prevalence of reported condom use
with both regular and casual partners, these
findings reveal a largely unmet need for interventions
supporting behaviour change and effective STI care for
female bar workers and their male clients in
order to reduce the transmissions of STI and HIV
and the negative health and social impact of
untreated infection. |
|
|
Best Practices to address the Demand Side of Sex Trafficking |
Each year,
hundreds of thousands of women and children around the world
become victims of the global sex trade. They are recruited
into prostitution, often using tactics involving force,
fraud, or coercion. Criminals working in organized networks
treat the victims like commodities, buying and selling them
for profit. This modern-day form of slavery is called sex
trafficking. |
Pdf 789 kb |
|
Breaking the silence - Stigma, discrimination and HIV/AIDS |
Hers is not the sort of life anyone would wish on his or her
worst enemy. To describe it as rough would be an
understatement.
|
|
|
Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS: is there a conflict? |
“The HIV
pandemic and the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
through breastfeeding continues to pose unique challenges to
the promotion of breastfeeding, even among unaffected
families. Accurate information, disseminated widely, about
breastfeeding’s benefits for the majority of children and
mothers is essential for preventing baseless doubts in this
connection. Support for HIV-positive women should include
counseling about appropriate infant-feeding options”. |
|
|
Bringing comprehensive HIV prevention to scales |
Many women
are denied the knowledge and tools to protect themselves
from HIV. Surveys in 38 countries found extremely low
HIV-transmission knowledge among 15–24-year-old women (UNFPA,
2002). It is vital to implement comprehensive strategies,
including gender-specific and culturally specific services
that help women counteract discriminatory social and
economic factors. Key components include: access to
education (particularly secondary education); strengthening
legal protection for women’s property and inheritance
rights; eradicating violence against women and girls; and
ensuring equitable access to HIV care and prevention
services. Men are often regarded as a major part of the
problem. However, they need to be a substantial part of the
solution by: taking responsibility for fidelity and safer
sex; committing themselves to their daughters’ education;
alleviating women’s burden of care; and embracing a
zero-tolerance attitude towards violence against women. |
|
|
Borderline
Slavery-child trafficking in Togo
(Large report-increase download time) |
This
report documents the trafficking of children in Togo, in
particular the trafficking of girls into domestic and market
work and the trafficking of boys into agricultural work. They
are recruited on false promise of education, professional
training and paid employment…if they escape or are released,
denied the protections necessary to reintegrate them into
society. |
8,395 kb
pdf |
|
Breaking Through the Clouds-PAR project with migrant children
and youth along the borders of China, Myanmar and Thailand |
The
vulnerabilities of migrant children and youth are not only the
result of limited understanding and documentation, but also
due to the lack of insight into how best to address their
realities…This is particularly the case for young girls
trafficked into the sex-industry, or as domestic workers,
those abusing drugs, child beggars and young migrants
separated from their family members in immigration detention
centers. |
192 kb pdf |
|
Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and
Sexual Networks |
Understanding the Structure of sexual networks is critical for
modeling disease transmission dynamics, if disease is spread via
sexual contact. This article describes the structure of an
adolescent sexual network among a population of over 800
adolescents residing in a mid-sized town in the mid western
United States |
|
|
|
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Child Prostitution and Sex Tourism -Venezuela |
Sex tourists
represent a steady and lucrative demand for prostitutes and many
of the people who are likely to be sacrificed to this demand are
under the age of 18. In virtually every society, the
prostitution ‘labor market’ feeds upon the dispossessed and the
disempowered, and alongside migrants, children |
Pdf 148 kb |
|
Children in
prostitution, pornography and illicit
activities-Thailand-Magnitude of problems and remedies |
Children
younger than 18 years of age in prostitution are invariable
victims of sexual exploitation. Compared to adults, they are
clearly much more vulnerable and helpless in fact of the
established structures and vested interests in the sex sector,
and much more likely to be victims of debt bondage, trafficking,
physical violence, or torture. Commercial sexual exploitation
is a serious form of violence against children with life-long
and life-threatening consequences. |
152 kb pdf |
|
Chlamydial Infection and Gonorrhea in Teenage Women |
With the
highest rate of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the
developed world, the United States is in the throes of a
"hidden epidemic," according to a recent report from the
Institute of Medicine.1 In addition to the high
human cost to the victims of these diseases and their
families, the authors of the report estimate that the
financial burden of this epidemic to US taxpayers is at least
$10 billion per year - not including the costs of HIV
infection. |
|
|
Can an HIV positive woman find true love? Romance in the
stories of women living with HIV |
The
majority of new HIV infections worldwide occur in women, and
women's experiences of living with HIV have special
connections with heterosexual relationships, reproduction, and
romance. Romance is also an important narrative genre for
feminism, generating controversy over whether it can resignify
or only reinforce dominant discourses and practices of gender
and sexuality. |
|
|
Child Sex
Tourism and the Media in India |
In public discourse child sex tourism is not considered a
major social issue in India, partly because of the perception
that the problem is not as acute as in some countries of South
East Asia and partly because the problem is largely associated
only with poverty conditions. The social acceptability of
having sex with a ‘minor’ is largely ignored because
large-scale child marriage still takes place. In
addition, women from a number of social groups are considered
‘inferior’ and their sexual exploitation is not considered as
‘something ‘ wrong in a section of Indian society. The women
and girls of Dalit and Adivasi communities are
termed as ‘ loose’ and therefore free for all to sexually
exploit. The perception of the Indian society about commercial
sexual exploitation of children is largely governed by
‘poverty syndrome’. |
|
|
China’s Growing AIDS Epidemic Increasingly Affects Women |
Increases in the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China are
fueling concerns—including among senior Chinese leaders—that
the epidemic may be moving from specific regions and at-risk
groups into the general population, where the virus could more
easily prey on women's vulnerabilities. |
|
|
Cities turn to humiliation to fight prostitution |
It's part
of a tactic more and more cities are using, cracking down on
prostitution by focusing on demand, often using tactics of
humiliation - like Chicago's website or billboards in
Oakland, Calif. - to try and convince potential customers to
stay home. |
|
|
Cognitive and behavioral predictors of sexually transmitted
disease risk behavior among sexually active adolescents |
Risky
sexual behaviors during adolescence may not change once
patterns are set. A total of 410 sexually active youths aged
14 to 21 reported on health beliefs and sexual behaviors at
baseline and one year later. Responses to the first survey
and knowing how to use condoms predicted responses to the
second survey in both sexes. Among girls, oral contraceptive
use, ability to discuss sexually transmitted disease
prevention with partners, and alcohol use explained
variability in risky behaviors. Among boys, perceived risk
of sexually transmitted disease, negative opinion of condom
use, and barriers to obtaining condoms explained variability
in risky behaviors. |
|
|
Comment: The Link between HIV Infection and Marriage |
With 80
percent of HIV cases worldwide transmitted by sexual
contact, promoting marriage and sexual fidelity would seem
to make sense as a way to limit the spread of AIDS. Yet this
politically popular approach to public health among
conservative policymakers in the United States promotes the
false assumption that within marriage, sex is always
safe-and consequently puts unknowing men and women at
increased risk of infection. This fidelity fallacy holds
enormous implications for the effectiveness of our
government's global AIDS prevention program, where almost
$400 million was spent last year in 15 focus countries for
the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR. |
|
|
Condom use, power and HIV/AIDS risk: sex-workers bargain for
survival in Johannesburg |
This paper
focuses on factors that affect sexual decision-making
including safer sex practices. In moving beyond approaches
that emphasize women’s ‘powerlessness’ in sexual
negotiation, this article focuses on ways in which
sex-workers capitalize on clients’ reluctance to use condoms
in sexual exchanges |
Pdf 220 kb |
|
Consequence
of Stigma
|
The impact of stigma on the affected individual can lead to
feelings of depression, guilt and shame, as well as to
behavior that limits participation within communities and
access to services intended to assist them. Additionally, the
fear of being stigmatized can lead to individual behavior that
heightens the risk of transmission.
|
|
|
Contraceptive Use Dynamics-Kenya.
|
Despite
substantial declines in fertility and increases in
contraceptive adoption over the past two decades, unmet need
for family planning remains high in Kenya with about one in
four married women having an unmet need for family planning
|
Pdf 884 kb
|
|
CONTRABAND WOMEN |
Irina
always assumed that her beauty would somehow rescue her from
the poverty and hopelessness of village life. A few months
ago, after answering a vague ad in a small Ukrainian
newspaper, she slipped off a tour boat when it put in at
Haifa, hoping to make a bundle dancing naked on the tops of
tables. She was 21, self-assured and glad to be out of
Ukraine. Israel offered a new world, and for a week or two
everything seemed possible. Then, one morning, she was
driven to a brothel, where her boss burned her passport
before her eyes. "I own you," she recalled his saying.
"You are my property, and you will work until you earn your
way out. Don't try to leave. You have no papers and you
don't speak Hebrew. You will be arrested and deported.
Then we will get you and bring you back." |
|
|
Coping and Safer Sex Maintenance Intervention for Men and Women
Living with HIV-AIDS |
People
living with HIV/AIDS endure numerous challenges.
HIV-related stressors include dealing with complex medical
and health choices, coping with chronic symptoms, dealing
with disability, and grief and bereavement of multiple
losses. Among the most stressful situations for many men
and women living with HIV infection, are those that stem
from close and intimate relationships, namely decisions of
when and how to disclose their HIV serostatus to others and
maintaining safe sex practices. |
|
|
Correlates of Perceived Health in Women Diagnosed with HIV
Disease |
The
purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the
relationships among self-efficacy, social support, quality
of life, and overall health perception in a sample of 61
women with a mean age of 40 years living with HIV disease.
Data collection occurred in a university-based AIDS clinic
in a large metropolitan city in the southern United States.
Each participant completed a sociodemographic questionnaire,
the Sickness Impact Profile, the Norbeck Social Support
Questionnaire, and the Strategies Used by Patients to
Promote Health Questionnaire. The findings suggest that
social support and quality of life were significantly
related to overall perception of health. Self-efficacy had
an indirect impact on overall perception of health via
social support. These findings support the need for nurses
to continue exploring ways to integrate social support
within the domains of clinical practice of persons with HIV
disease. |
|
|
Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing and
Diagnosis Among Adolescent Females |
More than
one third (38.8%) of adolescent girls tested for
STD or HIV and more than half (51.6%) of girls diagnosed
with STD/HIV reported experiencing dating violence.
Compared with nonabused girls, girls who
experienced both physical and sexual dating
violence were 3.0 times more likely to have been
tested for STD and HIV, and 2.6 times more likely to report
an STD diagnosis. |
|
|
Developing Better Indicators of Human Trafficking |
This
article examines why producing reliable data on trafficking
has proven so difficult and suggests various measures that
could be taken to improve such data. In particular, this
article argues that better use could be made of data
emerging from the growing number of counter-trafficking
programs. |
Pdf 163 kb |
|
Documenting
the Experience of Sex Workers |
To prevent
HIV transmission via commercial sex, a number of countries in
the Asia and East region, including Cambodia, have adopted “100%
Condom use Programs.” These programs mandate consistent condom
use during all commercial sex acts and outline sanctions against
brothel management for fail to comply. |
345 kb pdf |
|
Domestic
Workers and AIDS Discrimination
|
Florence Tshabalala [not her real name] had been barely
working for a month when her employer took her to the clinic
for what was supposed to be a routine check-up. After being
tested for HIV without her knowledge, she was told that her
services as a domestic worker were no longer needed.
|
|
|
Don't
Sell my Body Anymore because I can sell Drugs
|
The Salamon Foundation is committed to the regeneration of
community in southern Hungary, and has particular regard for
the special needs of women and girl-children who participate
in sex work.
|
|
|
Drug-Using Women Need Comprehensive Sexual Risk Reduction
Interventions |
In the
United States, drug users have dramatically reduced
drug-related risk behaviors but continue sexual behaviors
that place them at risk for HIV infection. Successful
interventions are likely to be those that intervene at
multiple levels, yet, historically, sexual interventions for
drug users have primarily address only personal factors,
such as condom use |
77 kb pdf |
|
Economic globalization and the rise of prostitution in Asia
Pacific |
Too often,
the sex worker finds her freedom severely constrained. She
has no control over her life, her future, not even the most
basic sense of being in command of her body. She will never
receive the opportunity to develop her potential as a human
being. She will be branded as an outsider, a polluter, a
bad woman, despite the fact the most of the time she is the
victim of circumstances beyond her control. |
Pdf 46 kb |
|
Economic Impact and Globalization of Human Trafficking |
Human
trafficking, whether for labor purposes or as part of the
global sex trade, remains a form of modern-day slavery and
servitude. Although not a new occurrence, it is an emerging
national policy issue of great magnitude and cost—and a
clear violation of basic human rights and conditions. |
Pdf 187 kb |
|
EMERGING ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC MEASURES TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY IN RURAL AND
URBAN AREAS |
Empowerment of women in the economic and social fields
constitutes one of the fundamental objectives of all
development efforts in the region. Following the adoption of
the Jakarta Declaration for the Advancement of Women in Asia
and the Pacific (1994), and the Beijing Declaration and the
Platform for Action (1995), significant achievements have
been made in empowering women in the region. Their economic
participation has shown uneven but steady progress with
gender differentials in wages falling in many instances.
Significant progress has also been made in terms of
increases in female literacy and life expectancy rates, and
reduction in mortality rates |
|
|
Empowering Communities to Reduce the Impact of Infectious
Diseases |
Infectious diseases continue to cause ill health and deaths to
millions worldwide, despite advances in public health over the
last 100 years — advances that include the development of
vaccines and antibiotics and improvements in sanitation. In
many developing countries, women face particular difficulties
in warding off infection because of social and economic
obstacles to accessing health information and services. To
reduce the impact of disease on women, some infectious-disease
prevention programs are employing community-based approaches
conducted by women |
|
|
EXCERCISE OF SEXUALITY AND PLEASURE OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH
HIV/AIDS |
The
biological anatomic-physiological elements, are mainly
related with the capacity of reproduction inherent to the
existance of the sexes and with the capacity of
experimenting pleasant sensations linked to the sexual
arousement and the orgasm, and are the ones most frequently
identified with the concept of sexual acts, and even with
the one of sexuality, though in reality, they’re only part
of it…Psychological elements are refferred as to the human
capacity of experimenting and sharing feelins, while socials
are related with the appreciation the sexual acts receive as
good or bad in each society and with the power relations
that are established between individuals because of their
ascription within a defined group in principle because its
sexual characters. |
|
|
Fair Chance-education, gender—a report from the United Nations |
Three
years ago…the international community re-affirmed its
commitment to eliminating gender inequality in basic education
provision throughout the world. |
362 kb pdf |
|
Female Condom and Dual Protection |
In this era of global crisis with an AIDS epidemic and
variable availability of reproductive health services, it is
critical that all of us become protectors of our nation’s
health. Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted
infections yield poverty, infertility, social upheaval, and
at times, death.
|
395 kb pdf |
|
Female sex worker HIV prevention projects: Lessons learnt
from Papua New Guinea, India and Bangladesh |
None of the projects selected is a perfect example of all
criteria…What these case studies represent is a set of
experiences and lessons that might clarify for others the
areas of strength and weakness typical in successful female
sex worker projects. To the greatest extent possible, we
have shown the real difficulties and triumphs of each of the
projects. |
743 kb pdf |
|
Final Report from the North American Regional Consultation
on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children |
These
Stories describe but tow of more than one million children
who are trafficked, sold, or forced into prostitution or
pornography each year. In Canada, Mexico and the United
States, hundreds of thousands of children annually are
sexually abused for profit |
508 kb pdf |
|
from where are the bar-girls ??? |
Traffic in women is by no means new. It is as old as the
earliest civilization and continues to this day. In written
history, there are references to slave auctions of women who
were bought either for domestic labor or brothel bondage. As
late as 1991, we hear of kidnapped women at the
Pakistan-Afghan border being sold in the marketplace for R600
per kilogram. |
|
|
From White Slave to Trafficking Survivors |
The Global
flow of money, goods, culture and ideas has been accompanied
by a global flow of people…Attention for the topic of
trafficking in migrants has found so far most resonance within
human rights organizations, numerous non-governmental and
international organizations, bodies and lobby networks, as
well as in sensationalist media. |
120 kb pdf |
|
Further
evidence of super-infection found in African sex workers and
Swiss drug injectors
|
Super-infection
- that is, infection with a genetically diverse strain of HIV
once chronic infection is established - was the topic of three
presentations on the first full day of the Second
International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and
Treatment in Paris.
|
|
|
Gender, AIDS, and ARV Therapies-ensuring that women gain
equitable access to drugs |
Given
limited resources, choices will inevitable be made about who
will be treated and when, raising the issues of equity in
access to treatment for sub-groups of those infected |
181 kb pdf |
|
Gender and Global Policing: Neoliberal Globalization and the
Transnational Sex Industry |
Long
argues that ‘contemporary trafficking operations transform
traditional bride wealth and marriage exchanges by treating
women’s sexuality and bodies as commodities to be bought and
sold in various Western capitals and Internet spaces. |
Pdf 268 kb |
|
Gender and
HIV/AIDS |
Almost as
many women as men are now dying of AIDS. However, there are
important differences between women and men in the underlying
mechanisms of HIV/AIDS infection and in the social and
economic consequences of HIV/AIDS. These stem from biology,
sexual behaviour and socially constructed ‘gender’ differences
between women and men in roles and responsibilities, access to
resources and decision-making power |
591 kb pdf |
|
Gender
and HIV/AIDS: From Policy to Practice
|
"The face of AIDS is becoming the face of young
women". This was a recent comment of the Director of
UNAIDS, Dr Peter Piot, who said that 58 per cent of those
infected with HIV in Africa are women.
|
|
|
GENDER, DEVELOPMENT AND THE HIV EPIDEMIC |
In this
paper we will discuss some broad issues concerning the
relationship between the HIV epidemic and development in
general, and the effects which the epidemic will have (or is
already having) in undermining decades of development
achievement. Secondly, we will examine the necessity for a
view of development processes based on a gender analysis,
and why it is not possible to understand development by
means of a gender-blind approach. Thirdly we will try to
provide some insights into the differential impact of the
HIV epidemic on men and women, and the consequences of this
for society and the economy. This will include a discussion
of gender, poverty and the HIV epidemic, and the ways in
which the epidemic is intensifying poverty in general and
poverty among women in particular. Fourthly we review
population issues in order to identify what are the critical
lessons for policy that are relevant to the global and
national response to HIV and AIDS. Finally we will ask some
questions concerning how as development practitioners these
issues can be addressed and incorporated into ongoing work;
what do we mean by good development practice in the context
of the epidemic? |
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Gender, Sexuality, and HIV/AIDS: The What, the Why, and the
How |
Gender is
not a synonym for sex. It refers to the widely shared
expectations and norms within a society about appropriate
male and female behavior, characteristics, and roles. It is
a social and cultural construct that differentiates women
from men and defines the ways in which women and men
interact with each other |
Pdf 286 kb |
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Gender
and Theology in Africa today |
Gender in
current parlance signifies the power relation between
masculine and feminine. The gender ideology presupposes that
the masculine encompasses the female, or takes priority in
relation to the female and is entitled to expect subordination
and submissiveness and self-abasement of the female. The
gender ideology is not limited to biology. It is also social
and appears in relations among men as among women and among
nations. It functions, as a pecking order colonies were
females in relations to the colonizing nations. |
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Gender
Equity & Peacebuilding
|
Gender
discrimination continues through political exclusion, economic
marginalization, and sexual violence during and after
conflict, denying women their human rights and constraining
the potential for development
|
316 kb pdf
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Gender-based
violence & HIV/AIDS in South Africa
|
Conditions
for the correlation between gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS
can be specified and amended in considering the history and
the structures of gendered power relations in South Africa
|
834 kb pdf
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Gender, HIV/AIDS and Rights-A training manual for the
media |
Media practitioners’ gender prejudices and biases are one
of the major blocks to the diverse portrayals of women, and to
their voices in the media. Journalists and editors are
socialized as men and as women, long before they choose
journalism as a career. This socialization influences
how the media reports on, portrays and provides access to
women. |
502 kb pdf |
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Gender, Reproductive Health, and Advocacy |
Gender issues—discrimination, inequities, and stereotypes
—often impede behavior change and put people’s
reproductive health at risk. Gender issues must be
systematically considered and address in all project activities.
|
105 kb pdf |
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Global Child Sex Tourism: Children as Tourist Attractions |
The
purpose of this paper is to educate the public about child
sex tourism – a form of commercial sexual exploitation of
children and a ubiquitous practice that has perilous
implications for both children and society throughout the
world. |
Pdf 240 kb |
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Globalization, Information Technology, and Sexual Exploitation
of Women and Children |
In this
milieu, women and children are increasingly becoming
commodities to be bought, sold and consumed by tourists,
military personnel, organized crime rings, traffickers, pimps,
and men seeking sexual entertainment or non-threatening
marriage partners. Around the world today, women and children
are increasingly vulnerable to sexual exploitation when they
are refugees or migrants, and when they are suffering from the
effects of poverty, racism, and caste systems. |
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Globalization, Sex and profits-Are governments doing enough to
prevent the global expansion of the sex industry |
Globalization has increased human interaction around the world
due to technological advances and the diminishing significance
of state and territory borders. This increased interaction has
required governments to cooperate more extensively than ever
before to overcome some of the negative effects of globalization |
154 kb pdf |
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Have
you ever wondered how these innocent and uneducated village
belles' land up as a commercial sex worker in the cities?
|
Often we have seen in movies and heard that women get sold
here in the markets by men who coax them to come to cities
with the greed of marriage or jobs
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Health Activists Link Spread of HIV-AIDS to FGM |
Female
genital mutilation and the feminization of HIV-AIDS are
slowly being linked, especially in the three African
countries - Somalia, Djibouti and Sudan - where the most
extreme FGM is predominant. |
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Health Consequences of Trafficking of Women and Girls in
Southeast Asia |
Throughout Asia, the trafficking of women and girls for the
sex industry has generated a complex and politically
sensitive range of health threats and prevention challenges
for the women involved, local and national health authorities,
and the international community.
|
80 kb pdf |
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Health Risks and Consequences of Trafficking in Women and
Adolescents |
This report represents the findings of a two-year multi-country
study on women’s health and trafficking to the European
Union. It is an initial inquiry into an area about which little
research has previously been conducted…with women who
had been trafficked, health care and other service providers,
NGOs working against trafficking, lawenforcement officials,
and policy-makers
|
535 kb pdf |
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High Prevalence of HBV in HIV+ & HIV- Women –WIHS |
Association between Syphilis, Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus
Type 2, and Recreational Drug Use and Hepatitis B Virus Infection
in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
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High
Incidence of Rape Exposes Girls to HIV/AIDS Infection
|
"Defilement and HIV/AIDS are interrelated. There is no
way you can isolate them. A parent comes in complaining that
her child has been defiled. The first thing that crosses her
mind is that the child may have contracted HIV/AIDS. In 100
percent of the cases, the parents worry about HIV/AIDS,"
Nabiryo says.
|
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HIV prevalence surveys and routine diagnostic testing among
pregnant women |
Power
Point Presentation |
|
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HIV/AIDS Interventions in Female Sex Worker Population in
Southern Africa Countries |
“Sex workers need to be seen as more than their sexual
behavior—as women who need to have their emotional, economic,
and physical needs addressed.” To improve the chances of
successfully communicating HIV prevention messages to this
population, then, it is necessary to investigate and
understand their feelings, beliefs, hopes and dreams, and the
thinking that goes into daily decisions they have to make. |
433 kb pdf |
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HIV/Hepatitis C in Prison Committee of California Prison Focus
|
Women
prisoner advocates warn that health care cutbacks at the
Central California Women’s Prison in Chowchilla are
life-threatening to women prisoners with HIV, hepatitis C and
other serious illnesses.
|
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HIV and infant feeding |
Guidelines
for decision-makers |
1,419 kb
pdf |
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