Many State Correctional Facilities have mission statements
that state that they are to protect the public through effective
management of offenders in controlled environment environments,
which are efficient, safe, humane, and appropriately secure, while
also providing meaningful work and self-improvement opportunities
to assist offenders with community reintegration. Also the highest
priority is the protection of the public, staff and inmates through
the highest degree of security systems' performance by all staff
at all times. What many in the populace does not realize is that
these offenders are released back into the general population and
many times-they are positive and they have never been informed of
their health status by these institutions.
"Although some figures have been published, comprehensive
statistics demonstrating the burden of infectious disease among
inmates have been lacking. An important 'public health opportunity'
in prisons and jails has been identified by some authors. This opportunity
has yet to be fully exploited for various reasons, including a lack
of statistics as well as the fact that prisoners are generally marginalized,
despised, and politically impotent. Political leaders and the public
have not recognized the importance of correctional settings for
health interventions. Prevention and treatment programs are extremely
uneven in quality and quantity and, in some respects, fundamentally
inadequate." The Burden of Infectious Disease Among Inmates
of and Releasees From US Correctional Facilities, 1997
"For a variety of reasons, many diseases are present at a
higher prevalence in prisons and jails. Mental illness, HIV, hepatitis
B and C, and drug and alcohol addiction are just a few of the conditions
that are common in prisoners entering the correctional system. What
is often seen as an overwhelming burden to correctional healthcare
systems should more appropriately be seen as a tremendous public
health opportunity. The stark truth is that most inmates will eventually
be released from prisons and jails. Once released, many of them
either do not have access to healthcare or fail to avail themselves
of it. In focusing healthcare resources on the incarcerated, society
has the opportunity to decrease crime rates (mental illness, addiction),
prevent transmission (HIV, hepatitis, other sexually transmitted
diseases [STDs]), and lower lifetime costs associated with untreated
diseases. " Hepatitis C: A Correctional-Public Health Opportunity
All prisoners have the right to receive health care, including
preventive measures, equivalent to that available in the community
without discrimination, in particular with respect to their legal
status or nationality. The general principles adopted by a national
AIDS programme should apply equally to prisoners and to the community.134
The WHO guidelines were publicly supported and endorsed by the
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in a statement
issued in April 1996. The UNAIDS statement explained that ignorance
and lack of government support in addressing HIV/AIDS in prison
has led to denial, ineffective policies, violence and discrimination.135
Many different policy options have been explored in response to
HIV/AIDS in prison with varying results in different countries and
contexts. However, an international consensus confirmed by the WHO
and UNAIDS has declared that some of the more popular policies are
not only ineffective but unnecessary and unjustified. The policies
which have been condemned by international bodies include mandatory
testing, and segregation. Other policies employed in various prison
systems include education, condoms, disinfectant and sterilized
needles, and general penal reform." —HIV/AIDS in Prison,
Problems, Policies and Potential
|
1996-1997
Update: HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in Correctional Facilities
|
Report
from the US Justice Department-gives most current information
about the status of infectious diseases in prisons in addition
to what they are doing about thiese issues
|
562
kb pdf
|
|
30 pc of prisoners have
hepatitis C |
One in
three inmates of Australian prisons have hepatitis C, new
statistics show. A sample of prisoners from Western
Australia, NSW, Queensland and Tasmania returned rates of 34
per cent for the blood-borne disease. |
|
|
68%
rise in AIDS Deaths Among Prisoners
|
THE
number of HIV-infected prisoners in Namibia rose by 68 per
cent from 2000 to 2001, a report released this week said.
|
|
|
A
Primary Care Approach to Mental Health Care for
HIV/Hepatitis-Infected Inmates
|
The
combination of incarceration and chronic illness can be a
potent formula for mental health disorders. Even without the
burden of a chronic infectious disease, inmates have a high
prevalence of mental illness.
|
|
|
Aboriginals, AIDS &
Prisons.
|
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people who are
prisoners, and in fact all people who are prisoners, require
ongoing information about HIV/AIDS prevention and access to
education and the means of protection
|
Pdf 21 kb
|
|
Adverse
Effects of US Jail and Prison Policies on the Health and
Well-Being of Women of Color
|
Evidence
of the negative impact of incarceration on the health of
women of color suggests strategies to reduce these adverse
effects. Correctional policies contribute to disparities
in health between White women and women of color,
providing a public health rationale for policy
change.
|
|
|
AIDS
& Australian Prisons. |
Much attention
has been devoted recently to the plight of HIV positive
prisoners. The primary reason for this interest is the
fear that prisons are 'incubators' for the transmission of the
HIV, the accepted cause of AIDS. |
57 kb pdf |
|
AIDS and Prisons: |
List of
resources for information |
|
|
AIDS in Australian
Prisons-What are the Challenges?.
|
Punishment and imprisonment are also taboo items.
Societies like to see things in black and white, and
prisons are the simplistic solution for punishing those who
step beyond the conventional view of what is right. The public at large does not particularly want to explore
the grey areas of this issue either.
|
Pdf 29 kb
|
|
AIDS
in prison-1996 report
|
But how many people are aware of the new death row?
The combination of HIV infection, poor medical care, a
callous, uncaring prison administration and the day-to-day
violence/stress of prison life can make a short prison term --
a death sentence.
|
|
|
Canadian
prisons will soon feature tattoo parlors |
Toronto - Correctional Service of Canada plans to set up official
tattoo parlors for inmates in the hope that it will decrease
the rampant spread of hepatitis C and other communicable
diseases through prisons and penitentiaries. A survey of
federal inmates determined that 3,176 prisoners, 26% of the
prison population, were infected with hepatitis C. The rate is
30 times that of the general population. |
|
|
AIDS in
Prisons-information clearing house.
|
HIV/AIDS has become a major policy and management issue for
prison administrators in this country, as in the rest of the
world. It places
enormous stress on already overburdened correctional systems
|
Pdf 21 kb
|
|
AIDS in the Victorian Prison
System.
|
As early as 1985 the view was being expressed that prisons
would become incubators for the AIDS virus.
Concern was high that ‘at risk; behaviors of
prisoners, both prior to imprisonment and during their time in
custody, would create an environment that would promote the
rapid spread of the virus.
|
Pdf 29 kb
|
|
AIDS in US Prisons &
Goals: Epidemiology, Policy and Programs.
|
Most correctional systems have adopted policies regarding
HIV/AIDS. Concern
among correctional systems has shifted significantly from
short-term ‘crisis’ matters such as fear of casual
transmission to ‘long-term’ issues.
|
Pdf 59 kb
|
|
AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine:
|
Certainly
the life of a prisoner is tough, and violence is inevitably
present in prison systems where gangs frequently play a
prominent role in social organization (Conover 2000). However,
misconceptions regarding prisons are numerous, and such
misconceptions play an important role in how the AIDS problem
in prisons is viewed.
|
|
|
AIDS Recommendations &
Prisons in Australia-WHO.
|
The privilege of choice carries with it the necessity to
evalusate the consequences of the choice made. Where that choice involves sending a person to prison the
risk that the person will tere acquire HIV ought not to be
vanished from the mind by ignorance, indifference or
resignation
|
Pdf 56 kb
|
|
An opportunity not yet seized |
Correctional
health care providers manage the care of a large
number of individuals with communicable diseases in
the U.S. A major portion of the nation’s Hepatitis
B&C, HIV, STD and TB infected patients pass
through prison and jail doors.
Moreover, many of these individuals also have other
co-morbid conditions such as psychiatric illnesses,
substance abuse and chronic medical conditions that
thwart an integrated care approach for these patients
in community settings. |
|
|
Australia-'Condom
Scheme for Safe Jail Sex'
|
A proposal to put condom-vending machines in Tasmanian
prisons is expected to be approved early next year. The
Justice
Department's blood-borne virus working party put forth the
proposal in an effort to ensure safe sex among inmates.
|
|
|
Australian
Institute of Criminology-HIV/AIDS and Prisons
|
List of article from the internet
|
|
|
Australian
Prisons
preface.
overview
AIDS in the Victorian Prison System.
Managing HIV Seropositive Prisoners
Management of HIV Infection in Australian |
The first national HIV/AIDS in prison conference held in
Australia took place in Nov. 1990. This is a report of that
conference.
The
first national HIV/AIDS in prison conference held in Australia
took place in Nov. 1990. This is a report of that conference.
The
first national HIV/AIDS in prison conference held in Australia
took place in Nov. 1990. This is a report of that conference.
The
first national HIV/AIDS in prison conference held in Australia
took place in Nov. 1990. This is a report of that conference.
The
first national HIV/AIDS in prison conference held in Australia
took place in Nov. 1990. This is a report of that conference. |
12 kb pdf
20 kb
pdf
29 kb
pdf
29 kb
pdf
33 kb
pdf |
|
Australian response to HIV in
Prison
|
One area of
employment that has received increased attention over recent
years is occupational health and safety (OH&S). This is
largely due to the unacceptably high incidences of industrial
injuries and diseases and recognition of the inadequacies of
traditional safety legislation.
|
|
|
Behind Bars-HIV risk taking
behavior.
|
It has recently been estimated that
40-50 per cent of male and female IDU’s in contract
with treatment services or research projects may spend
considerable periods of their lives in prisons.
|
Pdf 19 kb
|
|
Behind Bars-Risk Behaviors for HIV
Transmission.
|
Whether HIV transmission occurs is a function of the
interaction between risk behaviours and prevalence of
infection. To
date studies of HIV transmission in prison have occurred in
settings where the prevalence of infection has generally been
low and the prevalence of risk behaviours unknown.
|
Pdf 50 kb
|
|
Behind
Enemy Lines
|
Recognizing
that hepatitis C virus infection is disproportionately high
among incarcerated populations, The Centers of Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) recently developed recommendations that
provide a framework for identification of persons who would
benefit from testing, counseling and medical management to
prevent and control hepatitis C infection and its consequences
|
|
|
|
|
Bridging
the Communicable Disease Gap: Identifying, Treating and
Counseling High-risk Inmates
|
Recent
outbreaks of communicable diseases in correctional settings
have underscored the importance of identifying communicable
diseases, educating inmates and staff, and treating where
appropriate. In June 2001, an outbreak of HBV was reported in
a state correctional facility in Georgia. In November
2000, the CDC reported an outbreak of TB in a state
correctional facility in South Carolina. Concurrent syphilis
outbreaks were identified in three Alabama men's state prisons
in 1999.
|
|
|
Burden of infectious diseases
among inmates
|
Correctional facilities are critical settings
for the efficient delivery of prevention
and treatment interventions for infectious
diseases. Such interventions stand to benefit not
only inmates, their families, and partners, but also the public
health of the communities to which inmates return. |
|
|
Californians
Support Needle Exchange, Condoms for Prisoners
|
"These
clearly make sense and the survey indicates strong support
that the state should pay for these programs,"
|
|
|
CDC:
Test All Inmates At Risk for Hepatitis C
|
A
million hepatitis C-infected inmates are released from US
jails each year. The epidemic behind bars affects 16-41
percent of inmates, depending on the state.
|
|
|
Charisse
Shumate - The Death of a Woman Warrior Prisoner
|
Charisse
was not only a life term prisoner incarcerated for 16 years at
the Central California Women's Facility and a woman dying of
complications from sickle cell anemia, cancer and hepatitis C.
|
|
|
Compulsory Testing &
Integration.
|
Prisons are often referred to as incubators for the AIDS
virus and many in the community identify these institutions as
places emanating danger.
However, rather than being an incubator, the prison is
a funnel as many offenders tend to come from high-risk areas
in the community.
|
Pdf 17 kb
|
|
Conditions
in jail found to violate prisoners' rights
|
The U.S. Department of Justice's civil rights division has
found that conditions at the Baltimore City Detention Center
violate the constitutional rights of inmates and appear to
have played a role in the deaths of several prisoners, some of
whom received little or no medical attention for chronic
health problems.
|
|
|
Correctional
Services Portfolio Committee
|
The
problem of HIV/AIDS in prison is a reality which the
Department is committed to addressing in consultation with
other role players within and outside the government spheres.
The HIV/AlDS pandemic is a problem for all corrections
worldwide. It is believed HIV infection is high in prison
settings than in the general public and that effective
strategies need to be implemented if the Correctional Services
is to manage this
pandemic effectively.
|
|
|
COs
SEEK PROTECTIONS
|
After
blood-to-blood contact with an inmate during a struggle at the
Coxsackie Correctional Facility near Albany, N.Y., Walter
Wolfe, an AFSCME Local 1264 (Council 82) member, fears he’s
contracted a transmissible disease, maybe even AIDS-causing
HIV. But Wolfe and his family can’t be sure, because the
inmate, exercising his legal rights, refused testing for HIV
and other infectious diseases. Now Wolfe is afraid to touch
his wife and two small daughters, worrying he could infect
them.
|
|
|
Criminal Penalties for Attempted Exposure to Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by Prison Inmates- Pennsylvania
Statutes |
A person
is guilty of this offense if he intentionally or knowingly
causes another to come into contact with blood, seminal fluid,
saliva, urine or feces by throwing, tossing, spitting or
expelling such fluid or material when, at the time of the
offense, the person knew, had reason to know, should have
known or believed such fluid or material to have been obtained
from an individual, including the person charged under this
section, infected by a communicable disease, including, but
not limited to, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or
hepatitis B. |
|
|
Death
Row Prisoners With Hepatitis C Tortured
by the California Department of Corrections (CDC)
|
Russ
Heimrich, corrections spokesperson, has been quoted as stating
"more than a third of the prison population, 34.6 percent
now has the disease."
|
|
|
Developing a Systematic Approach to Hepatitis C for
Correctional Systems |
As guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment
of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) emerge in the community at
large, correctional medical communities are wrestling with the
challenge of establishing an appropriate and consistent
response to an epidemic that disproportionately affects
incarcerated populations. Controversies regarding the
management of HCV are brought to a head in jails and prisons,
where there is a high prevalence of disease (12-35% according
to Centers for Disease Control) and a legal obligation to
provide access to medical care.
|
|
|
Disabled
in prison. A new era of prisoners due to irrational laws
|
While
in the SNF, I was subjected to a lack of medical care by the
doctor, and nurses and a massive cover-up of neglect by the
medical staff – malpractice at its finest.
|
|
|
“Do no harm" or "Do no expense"? Ohio's prisoners are dying
from inadequate medical care |
In August,
the Columbus Dispatch and WBNS-TV published a multi-part
exposé of the inadequate medical care in Ohio's prisons. The
series exposed wrongful deaths, inadequate care and
questionable doctors. Almost 2,600 Ohio prisoners are known
to be infected with Hepatitis C and health officials
estimate the true figure to be closer to 9,000. As of July,
the number of prisoners receiving treatment for Hepatitis C
was 16. In September, the Prison Reform Advocacy Center in
Cincinnati filed a class action lawsuit challenging these
conditions. |
|
|
DOC (Colorado)
Prison Hepatitis C Virus.
|
Newest CDOC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of
hepatitis C infection
|
Pdf 5.924 kb
|
|
DOC
of Colorado Response to Hepatitis C Virus
|
Ruling
concerning the State of Colorado and the Hepatitis C Virus epidemic within
its system
|
109
kb pdf
|
|
Drug
Use, HIV, and the Criminal Justice System
|
About 80 percent of prison and jail
inmates have serious substance abuse problems. Many also have
or are at high risk of having HIV or hepatitis. Substance
abuse treatment and HIV services can help inmates and others
under correctional control. They also can help inmates’
families, corrections staff, and the community at large.
|
|
|
Drug
Users and the Structure of the Criminal Justice System
|
The number of injection and other drug
users in the criminal justice system has skyrocketed in recent
years. The corrections setting presents opportunities for many
inmates to obtain education, testing, and treatment services.
|
|
|
Dying
inmate's lawyer weighs hepatitis suit-Colorado
|
Up
to 40 percent of prison inmates are
suffering from hepatitis C and the state is failing to treat
them because of
the cost, a lawyer for a dying death-row inmate alleged
Wednesday
|
|
|
Educational Strategies & Policy
Development.
|
This paper identifies the major
educational stage in this process which have been significant
in responding to the AIDS issue; managing AIDS issues in
prison, and effecting lasting changes which include breaking
down traditional departmental barriers
|
Pdf 24 kb
|
|
End-of-life
Resources
|
Listing
of links
|
|
|
Epidemic
of Infectious Diseases
|
As
public health researchers have warned for years, the mass
incarceration that has been happening across the country since
the early 1980s has been accompanied by the mass incubation of
infectious diseases in correctional facilities across the US
|
|
|
Evaluation
of a prison outreach clinic for the diagnosis and prevention
of Hepatitis C
|
Hepatitis C virus (Hepatitis C Virus) infection is a major public health
problem recognised by the UK National Strategy that proposes
that a care pathway for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment
be established in all prisons, integrated within managed
clinical networks. A prison sentence provides the opportunity
to focus on traditionally hard to reach patients.
|
|
|
Fight
for Hepatitis C education and Treatment in Prison
|
Hepatitis C Virus
is one of the greatest dangers faced by people incarcerated in
prisons and jails today
|
18
kb pdf
|
|
Florida Corrections Commission 1998 Annual Report: |
The
presence of HIV (Human Inmmuniodeficiency Virus) and AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has had a profound
effect on the cost of health care in the correctional setting.
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in prisons exceeds its prevalence
in the general population. As the prison population increases
and inmates are being incarcerated longer due to stricter
sentencing guidelines, the costs of HIV/AIDS will continue to
rise as inmates remain in prison through the later, more
costly stages of the disease and new treatment protocols are
developed. |
|
|
Gender
and Inequality in the American Prison System
|
In the past quarter century, much legal action has been
taken to insure equal treatment for men and women incarcerated
in jails and prisons in the United States. Historically,
because female inmates were so few in number compared to male
inmates, it had been considered too expensive by the state to
provide them with the same privileges afforded to male
inmates.
|
|
|
General
Articles
|
Listing
of many articles concerning Prison systems and infectious
diseases
|
|
|
GETTING
AWAY WITH TORTURE: Deliberate Indifference to the Medical
Needs of Incarcerated Individuals
|
State
correctional facilities (jails, prisons, penitentiaries) have
an affirmative obligation to provide for the medical care of
their charges.2
Once an individual is incarcerated, he is made wholly
dependent on the state for all of his needs, such as food,
clothing, shelter, and medical treatment. An incarcerated
individual has been cut off from all other sources of help, by
reason of his or her incarceration. Thus arises the state's
affirmative duty. "The rationale for this principle is
simple enough: when the State by the affirmative exercise of
its power so restrains an individual's liberty that it renders
him unable to care for himself, and at the same time fails to
provide for his basic human needs e.g., food, clothing,
shelter, medical care, and reasonable safety it transgresses
the substantive limits on state action set by the Eighth
Amendment and the Due Process Clause
|
|
|
Governments' Responsibility in Preventing Prisoners' Exposure
to HIV in Prisons |
Do
prisoners have a right to the means that would allow them to
protect themselves against contracting HIV and other diseases
in prisons? Can prison systems be forced to provide condoms,
bleach, and sterile needles? Can and should the law be used to
achieve change in prison HIV/AIDS policies? |
|
|
Health Care in New York State Prisons |
“Because
the dangers of abuse inherent in the penitentiary are always
present, the work of the Correctional Association—an
organization of knowledgeable experts unaffected by political
forces—is so important” |
435 kb pdf |
|
HEPATITIS B IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES |
Incarcerated persons have a disproportionate burden of
infectious diseases (1), including hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection. Among U.S. adult prison inmates, the overall
prevalence of current or previous HBV infection ranges from
13% to 47%. |
|
|
Hepatitis C in Corrections: Testing, Treatment and
Co-infection |
With
an estimated worldwide prevalence of 2.2%, hepatitis C
virus (HCV) is one of the most prevalent chronic viral
infections in the world.1 Incarcerated
populations have dramatically higher rates of HCV
infection than non-incarcerated populations.
Approximately 2.0% of the United States (US)
non-incarcerated population has been infected with HCV;
1.3% are chronically infected. In contrast,
seroprevalence studies have found HCV infection rates
ranging between 16-43%2,3,4 among
incarcerated populations; 12-35% of inmates have chronic
infection. |
|
Hepatitis C Testing of
Offenders in the Indiana
Department of Correction
|
The incarcerated population presents health problems
related to infectious disease, substance abuse and,
frequently, a lifetime of being medically underserved.
In particular, this is a population at very high risk for
Hepatitis C virus and HIV. Prisons and jails offer
uniquely important opportunities for improving disease control
in the community by providing health care and disease
prevention programs to a large and concentrated population of
individuals at high risk for disease. |
113 kb pdf |
|
Hepatitis C Virus
in Corrections: Frontline or Backwater?
|
Report
on Hepatitis C Virus in correctional facilities
|
|
|
Hepatitis C Virus-The
Correctional Conundrum
|
Treatment
of Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C Virus) is emerging as the most controversial
subject in correctional health care. Much of the controversy
around Hepatitis C Virus testing and treatment in corrections is related to
delayed recognition of the important role incarcerated
individuals play in the transmission of hepatitis in the
communities after they are released.
|
|
|
Hepatitis C Virus is substantial in correctional
settings |
While the
hepatitis C epidemic is substantial in the country as a whole,
it has become a major concern in correctional settings |
|
|
Healthcare
Behind Bars
California prisoner well-being is a concern for many
|
On
the evening of February 20, the prisoners rights activist
group California Prison Focus hosted a "Speak Out"
event at the Quaker Meeting House in San Francisco. Activists,
former inmates and families of current prisoners spoke to the
news media and the public about health-care conditions in
California's state prisons.
|
|
|
Health Care Costs Rising as Prison Population Grows
|
As the
prison population increases, ages and increasingly suffers
from chronic
illnesses such as AIDS and hepatitis, state policy makers must
either foot the
bill, change the way health care is delivered or rethink the sentencing
laws that led to the problem in the first place.
|
|
|
Hepatitis B-Overlooked and Under-treated
|
The
prevalence of chronic HBV (HbSAg positive patients)
may be lower than Hepatitis C Virus infection in correctional
settings, but it is still a threat. In fact, HbSAg
positivity rates (up to 47%) are considerably higher
than in non-incarcerated populations (5%)(25). |
|
|
Hepatitis
B, C and HIV: Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Correctional
Settings
|
How should
these blood or body fluid exposures be managed in the
correctional setting, and what are the infections of concern?
Are correctional professionals prepared to manage these
exposures?
|
|
|
Hepatitis
C (Hepatitis C Virus) at the Central California Women's Facility (CCWF)
|
Pamela
Murphy, aka "PJ," was looking forward to her parole
date in April, 2000. Looking forward to spending some quality
time with her family. This was especially important, because
PJ had AIDS and Hepatitis C Virus, and not much time. Needless to say, she
did not make it out of CCWF, and passed away over the Labor
Day weekend.
|
|
|
Hepatitis
C Among Offenders-Correctional Challenge and Public Health
Opportunity
|
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus infection in prisons is 8- to 20-fold
higher than in the community, with infection rates between
16-41 percent and evidence of chronic infection in 12-35
percent (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). An
estimated one out of three Americans with chronic hepatitis C
infection rotate through correctional facilities annually
|
|
|
Hepatitis C Challenges the Prison System- 2000
|
Many
prison systems are starting to tackle the problems of testing
and treating Hepatitis C Virus. California, Texas, New York, Florida,
Virginia and Pennsylvania have adopted testing policies. The
larger and more important issue is treatment guidelines on Hepatitis C Virus.
|
|
|
Hepatitis
C Tests, Treatment for New Jersey Prison Inmates Could Cost
State More Than $8 Million Per Year
|
A
New Jersey program to pay for hepatitis C tests and treatment
for prison inmates could cost between $4.5 million and $8
million this year,
|
|
|
Hepatitis
C: A Correctional-Public Health Opportunity
|
What
is often seen as an overwhelming burden to correctional
healthcare systems should more appropriately be seen as a
tremendous public health opportunity. The stark truth is that
most inmates will eventually be released from prisons and
jails. Once released, many of them either do not have access
to healthcare or fail to avail themselves of it. In focusing
healthcare resources on the incarcerated, society has the
opportunity to decrease crime rates (mental illness,
addiction), prevent transmission (HIV, hepatitis, other
sexually transmitted diseases [STDs]), and lower lifetime
costs associated with untreated diseases. This article will
focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with the
treatment of hepatitis C virus (Hepatitis C Virus) in the incarcerated.
|
|
|
Hepatitis C treatment denied
|
Without support from the
outside, Hepatitis C Virus will thrive in prisons as
Hepatitis C Virus+ and at-risk individuals are arrested and
incarcerated in ever increasing numbers. And when they
are inevitably released, less than aware (as long as
current policies continue), Hepatitis C Virus will be there with them,
returning in greater strength. Literal Hepatitis C Virus factories,
that's what prisons are becoming |
|
|
Hepatitis Education for Inmates |
PowerPoint
Presentation |
445 kb |
|
HIV/AIDS in Prison Systems: A Comprehensive Strategy |
The AIDS
crisis is devastating Canadian prisoners. Inmates are
becoming infected with HIV during their incarceration because
they do not have the information and resources to protect
themselves. Once infected, their lives are endangered by a
lack of access both to doctors specializing in HIV/AIDS and to
non-approved treatments and alternative therapies. And
prisoners with HIV/AIDS are maltreated. |
252 kb pdf |
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination: Prisoners |
The low
social status of prisoners means that they are marginalized
and excluded from the mainstream of society. They
experience stigma and discrimination behind bars and are
often regarded as ‘unworthy’ in the general community |
219 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS Summary Among the Incarcerated |
Rates of
HIV infection in inmate populations worldwide are much
higher than in the general population. They are generally
related to two factors: the proportion of prisoners who
injected drugs prior to imprisonment, and the rate of HIV
infection among injection drug users in the community. For
females, the number of inmates who were sex workers is an
additional factor. |
Pdf 407 kb |
|
HIV Education Strategies within
Correctional.
|
It has been suggested that prisons provide an environment
which can further the spread of HIV/AIDS, not only to those
incarcerated, but also to the broader community.
The containment of HIV in prisons is vital in reducing
its transmission throughout the community.
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Pdf 35 kb
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HIV in British
Prisons: Problems, Risk Behavior and Prevention.
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There is no compulsory testing for HIV in the English
prison system. All
inmates identified as having HIV are subjected to Viral
Infectivity Restriction.
All such inmates are located in single accommodation or
accommodation share with other HIV positive inmates.
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Pdf 24 kb
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HIV/AIDS in Corrections |
The
presence of HIV (Human Inmmuniodeficiency Virus) and AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has had a profound
effect on the cost of health care in the correctional
setting. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in prisons exceeds
its prevalence in the general population. As the prison
population increases and inmates are being incarcerated
longer due to stricter sentencing guidelines, the costs
of HIV/AIDS will continue to rise as inmates remain in
prison through the later, more costly stages of the disease
and new treatment protocols are developed |
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HIV
in Prisons
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Report
from the Bureau of Justice Statistics
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HIV IN PRISON HANDBOOK: WHAT
EVERY CDC PRISONER SHOULD KNOW |
This
handbook is written for prisoners in the California Department
of Corrections, their legal advocates, and their family members.
We hope it will be useful not only for those prisoners who are
learning to live with HIV, but for other prisoners and legal
advocates who want to learn more about HIV. The field of HIV
research has advanced rapidly in the past several years and is
continuing to progress further. Consequently, the health
information in this handbook tends to be more general than
specific. Current information on health education and treatment
may be obtained by writing to the organizations listed in the
Appendix. |
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HIV/AIDS in the Male-to-Female Transsexual and
Transgendered Prison Population |
Chronic
underfunding of the human rights complaint processes in many
provinces has resulted in the inability to investigate a vast
majority of complaints laid, long backlogs in hearing cases that
are investigated, and a lack of ability of human rights
tribunals to enforce judgments. |
