|
HEALTHY DEMOCRACIES? The potential impact of AIDS on
democracy in Southern Africa |
Social
scientists are only beginning to understand the range of
potential impacts the HIV/AIDS pandemic may have on Southern
African societies. Belatedly, researchers began compiling
evidence about the demographic, economic and social impacts
of the disease on infected people, their households and
communities, national populations and national economies.
They have only recently begun to develop propositions about
the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the broader processes of
governance. However, the implications of the pandemic for
the survival and consolidation of democratic government, in
particular, remain largely unexamined. This paper attempts
to systematise emerging thinking about the various economic,
social and political consequences of HIV/AIDS in the context
of political science's best available knowledge about the
factors that lead to the consolidation of democracy. |
|
|
Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Africa: an empiric
estimate |
For more
than a decade, most experts have assumed that more than 90%
of HIV in African adults results from heterosexual
transmission. In this exercise, we show how data from
studies of risk factors for HIV can be used to estimate the
proportion from sexual transmission, and we present our
estimates |
Pdf 139 kb |
|
HIV and Mortality in Africa-Does it prove that HIV causes
AIDS?
|
In a British-funded study, it was found that mortality in
young (13-44) adults in Uganda is 60 times higher for HIV-seropositives
than for seronegatives. Mainstream AIDS scientist present
these results as a strong evidence that HIV is the cause of
AIDS. Such arguments are very persuasive to public and most
scientists, even though being essentially flawed |
|
|
HIV
and AIDS Surveillance
|
Surveillance
is the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation and dissemination of health data, the process
of describing and monitoring health events
|
1,110 kb pdf
|
|
HIV and Sexual behaviour among Young |
A national
survey of 15-24 year olds from South Africa |
1,393 kb
pdf |
|
HIV Associated Opportunistic Infections in Ethiopia |
Power
Point Presentation |
|
|
HIV
Mandatory Test May Lead to False Security
|
MANDATORY
testing may lead to false security in the military that an
HIV/AIDS free environment has been created
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS Beyond Africa: Managing the Financial Impacts
|
The spread
of the HIV/AIDS4 epidemic has been an ever-present feature
of world news since the first case of the disease was
reported in the US in the early 1980s. Over the past twenty
years, extensive research has been undertaken to understand
the dynamics of the disease, its impact on society and,
increasingly, its potential implications for economic
growth. However, while a great deal has been written on a
macro level (for example, itspotential impact on GDP), less
attention has been focused on the ways in which HIV/AIDS can
affect global financial markets or specific company
performance. |
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HIV/AIDS: Does it Increase or Decrease Growth in Africa? |
Cross-country regressions for the 1990-97 period suggest
that HIV/AIDS has reduced the rate of growth of Africa’s per
capita income by 0.7 percentage points per year…..Through
such channels the HIV epidemic was transformed from a health
issue into an economic disease that impairs economic and
social development. Because it prevents an increasing share
of the population from participating in economic growth, the
HIV/AIDS epidemic increases poverty.. |
Pdf 246 kb |
|
HIV/AIDS: Social Science and HIV/Aids Policies in Africa |
This paper
explores the strengths and weaknesses of the three main
explanations for this difference, the cultural explanation,
the dependency explanation and the rational choice
explanation. |
Pdf 533 kb |
|
HIV/AIDS and child labour in South Africa: A rapid
assessment |
This study
investigated the link between HIV/AIDS and child labour in
South Africa, covering selected towns and rural areas. It
covers: AIDS orphans, Family integrity, HIV/AIDS awareness
among child respondents, School dropouts, and Hazardous work
conditions |
644 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS and the Workforce Crisis in Health in Africa:
Issues for Discussion |
This paper
summarizes the key issues confronting human resources (HR)
in the health sector in sub-Saharan Africa and the role that
HIV/AIDS has played in exacerbating this crisis. Section I
reviews the causes and consequences of this crisis. Section
II focuses on the effects of the HIV/ AIDS epidemic on the
crisis. Section III analyzes the constraints faced by recent
health initiatives in addressing HR issues. Finally, Section
IV provides recommendations on how donors and other partners
can address HR issues in a more intensive, sustained, and
concerted manner |
Pdf 312 kb |
|
HIV/AIDS
and child labour in Zambia
|
This rapid assessment examined correlations between the
HIV/Aids pandemic and child labour in Zambia, and subsequently
on the welfare of children in terms of their health,
education, etc.
|
|
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HIV/AIDS epidemic ravages Africa |
The report
describes both a "prevention gap" between the advanced
countries, where infection rates are leveling off or
declining, and the poorest countries of Africa and Asia, and
"a looming divide" between countries where rates of AIDS
deaths are falling and countries where they are rising. |
|
|
HIV/AIDS and Human Rights in Nigeria |
While
people living with HIV/AIDS deal with the medical impact of
HIV/AIDS, their status may result in or be a consequence of
social and economic factors, including human rights. The
links between health and human rights are complex and
multidirectional. Human rights violations often increase
people’s vulnerability to HIV infection particularly for
women, young people, and other marginalized groups. |
Pdf 150 kb |
|
HIV/AIDS in Africa
|
The HIV pandemic continues to pose major challenges in the
world of work and African society at large. Nearly 34 million
people are currently living with HIV/AIDS, and one-third of
these are young people between the ages of 10 and 24.
Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected. More than 11 million
Africans have already died, and another 22 million are now
living with HIV/AIDS. Nearly 10 million more deaths are
expected by 2005. Among the HIV-infected globally, six out of
ten men, eight out of ten women, and nine out of ten children
live in Africa |
|
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HIV/AIDS in
Africa |
The
Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa. The major
concerns to businesses in areas where HIV prevalence is high
are reduced productivity and increased costs. List of reasons |
784 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS
in Africa: The impact on the World of Work - 2000 Report
|
AIDS
threatens every man, woman and child Africa today. The
pandemic: is the most serious social, labor and humanitarian
challenge of our time.
|
660 kb pdf
|
|
HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa: Background, Projections,
Impacts, and Interventions |
The virus that causes AIDS has already infected and is
infecting many Africans. About 20 percent of the entire
adult population aged 15-49 is currently infected in nine
southern African countries. This is a staggering level,
and most of these people do not even know they are
infected…and the disease threatens the social and economic
well being of the countries. |
242 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Growing Epidemic? |
UNAIDS notes that ‘circulating in Southern Africa has been
the hope that the epidemic may have reached ins ‘natural
limit’, beyond which it would not grow. Thus, it has
been assumed that the very high HIV prevalence rates in some
countries have reached a plateau. Unfortunately, this
appears not to be the case yet. |
91 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS Interventions in Female Sex Worker Population in
Southern Africa Countries |
“Sex workers need to be seen as more than their sexual
behavior—as women who need to have their emotional, economic,
and physical needs addressed.” To improve the chances of
successfully communicating HIV prevention messages to this
population, then, it is necessary to investigate and
understand their feelings, beliefs, hopes and dreams, and the
thinking that goes into daily decisions they have to make. |
433 kb pdf |
|
HIV/AIDS profile in the provinces of South Africa 2002
(Large report-increase download time) |
This
booklet presents a concise set of basic indicators on
HIV/AIDS in the country…Model estimates should be treated
with circumspection since there is always a degree of
uncertainty surrounding such estimates. There is still a
great deal to understand about the dynamics of this epidemic
and the provincial version of the ASSA model is provisional
at this stage. However, models play an extremely important
role in understanding possible trends in variables that to
measure
|
Pdf 2393
kb |
|
HIV/AIDS
Threatens SME
|
The future success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)
and the livelihood of many South Africans could soon be off
the economic radar screen if business fails to deal with the
destructive HIV/AIDS threatening the SME.
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS,
Economics and Governance in South Africa: Key Issues in
Understanding Response
|
The
HIV/AIDS context in South Africa is rapidly changing, Close
attention was paid to economic impacts and responses, with an
emphasis on impacts
|
710 kb pdf
|
|
HIV/AIDS,
Lagging Policy Response and Impact on Children: the Case of
Cote d’Ivoire
|
AIDS
has become the leading cause of mortality among adults and one
of the first in children, and the mortality associated with
the disease has reduced life expectancy at birth from 65 years
to 55 years in 2000
|
590 kb pdf
|
|
HIV-Aids
Can 'Empty' Country in a Decade
|
"The
fight against HIV-AIDS is not an easy thing! The figures
released last week by five of Namibia's biggest
municipalities, regarding the effect of this pandemic will
have on their activities by 2020, were nothing less than
terrifying,"
|
|
|
HIV-Rape Trial
takes a Break
|
THE High Court's first trial under the
Combating of Rape Act in which a suspect faces the allegation
that he knew he was carrying the AIDS virus when he raped a
woman is set to continue early next month. |
|
|
How AIDS kills Africa's battered women
|
You can learn about condoms, know that fidelity
or
abstinence can protect you from Aids, but if your husband is
HIV-positive, violent and wants sex, there is not a whole lot you
can do. |
|
|
How Does Educational Attainment Affect the Risk of Being
Infected by HIV/AIDS? |
Rates of return to education, as traditionally calculated,
only account for labor market earnings. It is though,
however, that education may increase people’s life
expectancy. This paper tests this hypothesis in the context
of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa. |
Pdf 1583
kb |
|
How
does HIV/AIDS affect African businesses?
|
For
African businesses to attract new investors, they must
demonstrate a competitive advantage. In much of Africa,
businesses already have a competitive advantage because labor
is abundant, affordable, and productive. Countries inevitably
compete against one another to attract investors. In turn,
investors seek to locate their businesses in a country that
has the most productive, lowest-cost workforce. There are
several mechanisms by which HIV/AIDS affects the international
competitiveness of African businesses
|
|
|
How Does HIV/AIDS Affect African Businesses? |
For
African businesses to attract new investors, they must
demonstrate a competitive advantage. In much of Africa,
businesses already have a competitive advantage because
labor is abundant, affordable, and productive. Countries
inevitably compete against one another to attract investors.
In turn, investors seek to locate their businesses in a
country that has the most productive, lowest-cost workforce.
There are several mechanisms by which HIV/AIDS affects the
international competitiveness of African businesses: Labor
Supply, Profitability, other Impacts |
Pdf 544 kb |
|
|
|
Human rights approach to AIDS prevention. |
The
Southern African Development Community’s Code on HIV/AIDS and
Employment |
426 kb pdf |
|
I was blind but now I see |
This is
both a true story and a generic story. It recounts the
experience and courage of many African women. It is a
tribute to the daily acts of compassion by countless women
who despite their poverty meet the needs of people infected
and affected by HIV/Aids. |
Pdf 134 kb |
|
Iatrogenci means transmission of infectious diseases |
To
investigate and compare seven types of injection devices for
their risks of iatrogenic transmission of bloodborne pathogens
and their economic costs in sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
Impact of HIV/AIDS on saving behaviour in South Africa |
In the analysis of the implications of HIV/AIDS on the
Southern African economy, several microeconomic impact
papers exist to assess the consequences of the epidemic.
They generally focus on the economic implications of the
virus…and do not observe the link between households and
HIV/AIDS. |
Pdf 149 kb |
|
Impact of AIDS on Older People in Africa
|
The main
focus of the project is to "identify barriers that prevent
older people from providing adequate & fulfilling care to
their children dying from HIV/AIDS & subsequently, to their
orphaned grandchildren". |
|
|
Impact
of AIDS on South Africa . |
It is vitally
important to recognize that diagnosis and classification of a
disease in medicine is based on the exponential summation of
discriminating characteristics from four components: medical
history, clinical signs, laboratory investigation and response
to treatment. |
434 kb pdf |
|
Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children-Uganda |
This report
analyses the socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on children in
Uganda, with specific focus on their health, education and
social welfare, and the current and future policy/program
responses in the field of prevention, treatment and mitigation |
235 kb pdf |
|
Impact of HIV/AIDS on the
different farming sectors in Namibia
(Large report-increased
download time) |
It begins with the impact of HIV/AIDS on the social structure
in the farming communities and is followed by the impacts on labour and income, land ownership and the
health and psychological well-being of affected households
including school-age children in schools. Findings on the
impact of the epidemic on crop and livestock production,
community coping mechanisms and strategies for increasing
labour productivity are also covered. |
|
|
Impact of Faith-based organizations. |
Recently
faith-based organizations have generated increasing interest
as agents for preventing and mitigating the HIV/AIDS epidemic |
503 kb pdf |
|
Impact of HIV/AIDS on Agriculture and the Private Sector in
Swaziland |
Swaziland
has one of the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the world.
The excess morbidity and mortality due to the disease has
wide ranging socioeconomic implications for the national
economy and the various sectors. HIV/AIDS leads to
destruction of social capital, weakening of institutions and
deepens poverty. The demographic impact and resultant
reduction in labour force; and associated income changes
will have significant effects on society and 115 the
economy. Households, the community, the national economy and
business firms, will not escape the impact. |
Pdf 535 kb |
|
IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON FERTILITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
|
One of the
impacts of HIV/AIDS on individual women and populations in
severely affected areas of sub-Saharan Africa is change in
fertility levels. HIV/AIDS has influenced fertility of
individual women through proximate determinants of
fertility, namely, marriage, contraception, pregnancy,
abortion, breastfeeding, postpartum abstinence, pathological
sterility and natural fecundity. Fertility may decline in
the era of HIV/AIDS because of delayed onset of sexual
relations and age at first union, reduced premarital sexual
relations and remarriage and increased marital resolution.
Desired family size and condom use are also increased. HIV
infected women experience reduced pregnancy rate and rising
levels of induced and spontaneous abortion. HIV/AIDS induces
sterility, increases foetal mortality and decreases
frequency of sexual intercourse and production of
spermatozoa. In contrast, the epidemic may increase
fertility due to reduced extra marital relations, polygyny,
breastfeeding, postpartum abstinence, STD prevalence and
spousal separation, increased infant mortality and switching
to condom use from more effective contraceptives. Examples
of sites in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia indicate that
fertility has declined in populations hard hit by HIV/AIDS
epidemic. However, it will take long durations of high
HIV/AIDS prevalence to reduce fertility at a national scale. |
|
|
Influence of the Church in Bringing About Change
|
"Ignorance, stigmatisation and
discrimination have long characterised the attitude of both
church and government toward HIV-positive persons and AIDS
patients," says Rev Angela Veii, Coordinator of Lutheran
Unity in Namibia. |
|
|
In
AIDS Cities, Education Increases Condom Use, Cuts Sexual
Activity
|
A
longitudinal study by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention indicates that education efforts in eight major
cities have boosted condom use and decreased sexual activity
among high school students.
|
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|
Kenya
|
High Court Orders AIDS Orphanage and Government to Try to Work
Out Problems with HIV Kids in State Schools |
|
|
Kenya. |
Like in many
other developing countries the outbreak of AIDS was received
with shock and panic. |
85 kb pdf |
|
Kenya: A Country of Graves |
Twenty-one
years ago, the first case of AIDS was reported. Since that
time, AIDS has become the most devastating disease humankind
has ever faced. The World Health Organization has estimated
that, since the epidemic began, more than 60 million people
have been infected with the virus. Of those infections, 80%
have occurred in Africa, and 90% of these infections have
occurred in Sub Saharan countries. HIV/AIDS is now the leading
cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa. World-wide, it is the
fourth biggest killer. |
|
|
Kenya-"High Court Orders AIDS Orphanage and Government to Try
to Work Out Problems with HIV Kids in State Schools" |
The largest
AIDS orphanage in Kenya took the government to court over the
refusal of several Nairobi elementary schools to allow
HIV-positive orphans to attend class. |
|
|
Kenya-Monitoring and Evaluation, Country Case Study |
Like in many
other developing countries the outbreak of AIDS was received
with shock and panic…the Government’s reaction at the
beginning was denial and purposeful under-reporting of the
true magnitude of the disease |
85 kb pdf |
|
Kenya: US Ideology hurting women and families |
Seven clinics
supporting safe abortion and offering post-abortion care have
closed down following withdrawal of funding by the US
government. The Bush administration has stopped funding
totalling about Sh76 million (one million US dollars) to the
Family Planning Association of Kenya and Marie Stopes
International-Kenya for their support to family planning
services that support the rights of the woman to procure safe
abortion and receive post-abortion care services. |
|
|
Kenyan widows fight wife
inheritance
|
A group of 29 Kenyan women - all of them HIV positive- have
formed a club
to fight the culture of wife inheritance, which they blame for
the spread
of AIDS in the area. |
|
|
Kenyan Women reject sex cleanser
|
In some rural African villages, tradition holds that widows
must sleep
with the ritual "cleanser" - men who sleep with
women after their husbands
die - in order to be allowed to attend their husbands'
funerals or be
inherited by their husbands' brother or relative (another
customary practice).
|
|
|
Kibaki
Forms HIV/Aids Cabinet Team
|
"Ladies
and gentlemen, the complexity of the Aids pandemic is
enormous. It causes serious social dislocation, affects all
aspects of society, lowers production in all sectors and
impoverishes our communities.
|
|
|
Kibaki
to Launch Ministry Campaign Against HIV/Aids
|
The
campaign, dubbed Total War on HIV/Aids and spearheaded by the
Ministry of Health, aims at influencing Kenyans to change
their sexual behaviour. It targets religious organisations,
the youth, people in the transport industry and teachers.
|
|
|
KING OF SWAZILAND DESCRIBES A ‘NATION OF DYING’ AS GENERAL
ASSEMBLY |
"My people are dying," King Mswati III of Swaziland told the special
session of the General Assembly on HIV/AIDS this morning. "They
are dying before their time, leaving behind their children as orphans,
and a nation in a continuous state of mourning. A quarter of all
Swazis are already infected with the virus that causes AIDS and we
cannot avoid an escalating tragedy of truly frightening proportions."
|
|
|
King's
Polygamy Remarks Condemned
|
King
Mswati III has once more become embroiled in controversy, this
time over statements he made that the custom of polygamy did
not contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS, contradicting
studies that have established a connection.
|
|
|
Knowledge of AIDS and HIV Risk-Related Sexual Behavior Among
Nigerian Naval Personnel |
Nigeria's HIV epidemic continues to grow, and Nigerian military
personnel are at increased HIV risk. While the sexual risk-related
behavior of Nigerian police has been studied, less is known about
their naval counterparts. The current study describes the knowledge
of AIDS and sexual risk behavior of naval personnel stationed in
Lagos, Nigeria.
|
|
|
Lagging policy. |
AIDS has
become the leading cause of mortality among adults and one of
the first in children, and the mortality associated with the
disease has reduced life expectancy at birth from 65 years to
55 years in 2000. |
590 kb pdf |
|
Liaisons fueling AIDS in Africa
|
Teenage girls are at the very center of one of the most heart-breaking scenarios now playing out in many parts of Africa.
Young girls have up to 6 times the rate of HIV infection as
boys of comparable ages. |
|
|
Macroeconomic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia |
In this
paper, a small macroeconomietric model of Ethiopia is used to
simulate the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.
The model is set up in aggregate demand and supply framework
and the individual equations in the model are estimated in an
ECM format using the Jobansen approach in view of the time
series properties of the macro-time series variables. The
simulation result shows that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS has a
negative impact on the overall economy through lowering the
active labour force. The decline in the labour force has a
direct negative impact on both the output of the agricultural
and non-agricultural sectors that would lead to the fall in
private consumption, investment, exports and government tax
revenue. The slow down of the economy would also be
strengthened with the fall in imports due to the decline in
exports and hence the shrinking down of the importing
capacity. |
200 kb pdf |
|
|
The
research was carried out in Homabay (rural) and Kibera
community (urban) involving women and men living with HIV
and AIDS (13th December 2005 - 31st
January 2006). Data was gathered through questionnaires and
focus group discussions (FGDs). Women who participated in
the focus group discussions were aged between 22 – 45 years
old and in total 100 people took part in the project,
including questionnaire respondents. The service providers
in both sites were of varied age group (28-45 years) and
both female and male service providers participated in the
focus group discussions. Results from the mixed sex and
service provider focus groups are presented here but the
main emphasis is on the results from the women only focus
groups. |
|
|
Men as Partners: South African Men Respond to Violence
Against Women and HIV/AIDS |
In South
Africa, like in many parts of the world, men all too often
act in ways that contribute to a variety of public health
problems such as domestic and sexual violence, sexually
transmitted infections, spiraling rates of HIV/AIDS, and
high rates of maternal and infant mortality. |
1121 kb
pdf |
|
Men of Quality are not afraid of equality |
To share
experiences of each organization highlighting their strategies
for engaging men within the pandemic in regards to behaviour
change, caring, and active community responsiblity
|
2619 kb pdf |
|
Men should think not about what we stand to lose but what we
stand to gain |
"Besides deep changes in society, what we need is a
deeply spiritual
transformation in the identity of men." |
|
|
Modelling HIV/AIDS epidemics in Botswana and India: impact
of interventions to prevent transmission |
The
interventions directed at sex workers as well as those
dealing with sexually transmitted infections showed promise
for long-term prevention of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infection, although their relative ranking was
uncertain. In India, a sex worker intervention would drive
the epidemic to extinction. In Botswana none of the
interventions alone would achieve this, although the
prevalence of HIV would be reduced by almost 50%.
Mother-to-child transmission programmes could reduce HIV
transmission to infants, but would have no impact on the
epidemic itself. In the long run, interventions targeting
sexual transmission would be even more effective in reducing
the number of HIV-infected children than mother-to-child
transmission programmes |
|
|
Modeling HIV/AIDS epidemics in sub-Saharan
Africa using seroprevalence data from antenatal clinics |
To plan
and evaluate control strategies effectively and to prepare
for vaccine efficacy trials, it is critical to estimate the
magnitude and trajectory of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Trade-offs between alternative interventions and policies
must be based on the best possible information about current
levels and trends in the epidemic. |
384 kb pdf |
|
Modern Marriage, Extramarital Sex, and HIV Risk in
Southeastern Nigeria |
For women
in Nigeria, as in many settings, simply being married can
contribute to the risk of contracting HIV. This ethnographic
study examines how modern marriage, despite appearances of
greater gender equality, places many women in positions
where they cannot easily confront their husbands’ infidelity
or protect themselves from HIV infection. Male extramarital
sexual practices are situated in socioeconomic and cultural
contexts, showing how the social organization of infidelity
is located at the intersection of economic inequality,
aspirations for modern lifestyles, gender disparities, and
contradictory moralities. It is people’s anxieties about
sexual morality and social reputation in the context of
seeking modern lifestyles -- rather than immoral sexual
behavior and traditional culture – that exacerbate risks
produced by poverty and inequality. |
Pdf 324 kb |
|
Monitoring and Evaluation of the HIV/AIDS/STD-Ethiopia |
It is assumed
that no part of the country is unaffected by the virus, though
the magnitude of the epidemic differs from region to region
and from urban to rural. |
36 kb pdf |
|
Monitoring and Evaluation of the HIV/AIDS/STD-Kenya, Tanzania,
and Zimbabwe |
A review of
articles appearing in the major newspapers in a country is
likely to provide an indication of the importance placed on
issues and events discussed in those articles and prevalent
attitudes toward them |
490 kb pdf |
|
Mortality rates rising in Africa
|
In
fact, on the African continent today, there are two notable
trends: a rise in mortality across all ages, and a decrease in
the fertility rate. Africa, although it may still be attaining
an incremental rise in population at rates below 2% per annum,
is heading towards a net decrease in population |
|
|
Mounting anomalies in the epidemiology of HIV |
There is
substantial dissonance between much of the epidemiologic
evidence and the current orthodoxy that nearly all of the
HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa can be accounted for by
heterosexual transmission and the sexual behaviour of
Africans. The mounting toll of HIV infection in Africa is
paralleled by a mounting number of anomalies in the many
studies seeking to account for it. |
|
|
MP Says Government should save babies from HIV |
An opposition parliamentarian says if Government can afford
bailouts of N$1 billion for Air Namibia it should be in a
position to spend a few thousand dollars to save unborn babies
whose mothers are HIV-positive |
|
|
|
|
“My husband has many girlfriends”:-The political economy of
male infidelity and married women’s HIV risk in Uganda |
Married
women’s greatest risk for HIV infection is from their
husbands’ extramarital liaisons. This article examines the
socio-economic context that shapes men’s extramarital
sexuality. Based on six months of ethnographic research in
southeastern Uganda, this paper demonstrates how the
intertwining of (1) HIV messages of ‘be faithful’, (2) new
discourses of modern love and gender equality, and (3)
monetization of the economy have driven men’s extramarital
sex underground. Increased stigma surrounding polygyny and
infidelity combined with mobility and migration patterns
have facilitated greater secrecy surrounding extramarital
relationships and a pattern of informal secondary
households. Denial and secrecy surrounding extramarital
sexuality have become a way for husbands and wives to manage
their pubic reputations and maintain the appearance of
modern marital idea. By examining geographies of secrecy and
risk, this paper suggests that risk reduction must address
structural factors that provide opportunities for men’s
extramarital sex. |
Pdf 324 kb |
|
Namibia
Losing TB Battle
|
NAMIBIA
is failing to stem the rising tide of tuberculosis (TB) cases
in the country.
|
|
|
NDOAL Demonstration Project-Zambia. |
This
report summarizes baseline and midterm findings of an
intervention pilot study. |
825 kb pdf |
|
Negotiating Power and Profitability of HIV/AIDS in South
Africa |
For many
South Africans affected with HIV/AIDS, the decision to
contest and resist their institutionalization has led to
direct conflict with state elites and an array of public and
private organizations who seek to represent them inside a
neo-liberal framework |
Pdf 562 kb |
|
NEPAD-Working Document
(Large report-increased
down-load time) |
Human development
has been one of the most serious casualties of the poverty,
social exclusion and marginalisation of and lack of
sustainable development in Africa. The health problems facing
Africa are rooted in this context, as are the potential health
benefits of a broad human development strategy |
|
|
New Plan to Help Africa in Its Fight Against AIDS
|
Dubbed "Celebrate Life Centres",
the concept involves using containers to supply drugs and food
to communities in far-flung areas. "The beauty of the
containers," says former National Aids Council chairman
Abdullah Mohammed, "is that they can move from one place
to another." |
|
|
Nedlac
to broach HIV/Aids plan
|
The
executive management committee of the National Economic
Development and Labour Council is to meet on Friday to reopen
discussions on the national treatment plan for HIV/Aids.
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Nelson
Mandela to be Honored
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Offering
viewers a historical look at Mr. Mandela's life, the special
will also profile several young people from diverse
backgrounds who will travel to Johannesburg to meet Mr.
Mandela and discuss topics with him such as HIV/AIDS
awareness, discrimination, war, and more.
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Nevirapine
distribution sites to increase
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The
number of sites distributing nevirapine to HIV-positive
pregnant mothers in Mpumalanga would increase to 55 by early
next year, premier Ndaweni Mahlangu announced on Friday.
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NIGER: Food crisis drives young women to sell their bodies |
Ide can have sex with Mariam, a novice on the Niamey night
scene, several times for only two or three dollars. "The
most important thing for her is having something to put in
the cooking pot the next day," he said. Mariam is among a
wave of young women recently taking to the streets of the
Niger capital to sell their bodies to buy food for their
families. |
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Nigerian Teens Flood Italy's Sex Market |
Nigerian
women, many of them teen-agers, now make up the largest
percentage of illegally trafficked sex workers in Italy.
Albanian teens are now joining them. The Italian government
is trying to assist them in leaving this dangerous industry. |
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OYO SACA HAF 1 END OF PROJECT REVIEW MEETING |
Power
Point Presentation |
84 kb |
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Overview
of the Impact and Best Practice Responses in Favour of
Children in a World Affected by HIV/AIDS
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HIV/AIDS
has more than wiped out the child mortality gains realized
during the 1980s. The prospects for the future are not
encouraging, as in some twenty countries adult prevalence
rates and U5MR are expected to peak only around the middle of
the next decade
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261 kb pdf
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Perceptions of Sexual Behavior and Knowledge about Sexually
Transmitted Diseases Among Adolescents in Bennin City,
Nigeria |
The
participants perceived that sexual activity is common among
their peers…The young people had some knowledge about STD,
most went to traditional healers. They were unlikely to seek
treatment from doctors because of high cost, slow service,
negative provider attitudes toward young people and a
perceived lack of confidentiality. |
Pdf 415 kb |
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Poor
to get Aids drugs first
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The
impoverished community of KwaDabeka in Durban will be one of
the first pilot sites to receive antiretroviral drugs at its
clinic for HIV-infected patients when KwaZulu- Natal receives
its R720-million grant from the UN Global Fund to Fight Aids,
TB and Malaria.
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Poverty
and HIV/AIDS: Impact, Coping and Mitigation Police
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Looks
at the relation between HIV/AIDS and poverty and tries to say
something about the relation between these 2 issues
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128 kb pdf
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Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research
and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences |
Moreover,
given the chronic underreporting and under-diagnosis in
developing countries, the actual number of AIDS cases may be
four times as high. The official statistics also do not
reflect the millions of people who are infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but have yet to develop symptoms
of AIDS |
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Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs |
The
epidemic of HIV, the cause of AIDS has led to the infection of
an estimated 58 million people worldwide, 22 million of whom
have already died. HIV and AIDS have reduced life
expectancies by more than 10 years in hard hit countries such
as Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire, and by 22 years in
Zimbabwe. The impact of this epidemic reaches beyond those
directly infected with HIV. Children with HIV-infected
parents become orphans, while networks of friends and families
suffer as loved ones become infected and ill. Economies are
stripped of productive participants, and scarce societal
resources must be redirected from other public pursuits toward
HIV/AIDS-specific activities such as medical care for HIV- and
AIDS-afflicted persons. |
1117 kb
pdf |
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Recent upturn in mortality in rural Zimbabwe-evidence of an
early demographic impact of HIV infection |
The
observed increases in mortality by age, sex and cause of
death were consistent with those expected early in a severe
HIV-a epidemic, on the basis of mathematical model
projections and observations elsewhere in Africa. |
Pdf 952 kb
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Regional
Human Development Report on HIV/AIS and Development in South
Asia 2002
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25
million people have now dies of AIDS worldwide and the number
of deaths is certain to rise from its current level of 3
million per year
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606 kb pdf
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RELIGIOSITY AND ATTITUDES ON INTIMACY Implications for the
HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Central Uganda |
In the
prevailing scholarship, especially in the west, religion is
accorded little power as a source of social change. In the
developing world, however, this is not the case. The
potential influence of religion is still recognized and
appreciated. In 1962, Reinhard (1962) maintained that
Weber’s idealistic interpretation of religion was
reasserting itself and that we had to seriously consider
religion in our nations’ policy packages for social change
and development. His discovery is no less true today than it
was then. Religion has once again become a major layer in
public policy and today’s power plays are greatly influenced
by religious ideology. The major hypothesis of this paper is
that there is a negative correlation between religiosity and
premarital sexual permissiveness. This religiosity, however,
is not solely based upon one’s religious membership and/or
on the frequency of one’s church attendance. It has far
greater impact on the daily lives of the people in Uganda. |
Pdf 268 kb |
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Role of core and bridging groups in the transmission dynamics
of HIV and STIs |
The
potential for exposure of low and high risk women to HIV
and sexually transmitted infections (STI) through
unprotected sex with male clients of female sex
workers in Cotonou could account for most if not
all of the estimated yearly numbers of HIV
infections in Cotonou women (1000).
As ongoing transmission of HIV, and also of the
most predominant STIs such as gonorrhoea and HSV-2,
appears to be largely fuelled by transmission within
core and bridging groups in Cotonou, interventions
targeted at both female sex workers and their male
clients remain of the utmost importance and could
have a significant effect on the evolution of HIV/STI
epidemics in Benin. |
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Rural Households’ Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and Economic
Efficiency in the Rainforest Belt of Nigeria |
The spread
of HIV to total areas in Nigeria poses a lot of concern to
policy makers due to their perceived higher vulnerability
and relevance for national food security. This study
analyzed the vulnerability of rural households to HIV/AIDS
and its impact on economic efficiency of food production |
Pdf 329 kb |
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Rwanda: "Marked for Death", rape survivors living with
HIV/AIDS in Rwanda |
In April
1994, Rwanda suffered one hundred days of violence, targeted
at the Tutsi and moderate Hutu population. Ten years later,
the consequences of the violence have not been dealt with
adequately, neither by the international community nor by
the Rwandan government. Survivors of violence still cry out
for medical care; survivors and families of victims clamour
for justice that is slow in coming. Women continue to die
from diseases related to HIV/AIDS, which some of them
contracted as a result of rape during the 1994 genocide and
armed conflict. Survivors of rape and their families face
human rights violations that themselves lead to further and
overlapping violations: survivors of sexual violence may
have contracted HIV/AIDS, as a result of which they and
their families often face stigma, which can in turn lead to
loss of employment, difficulty in asserting property rights,
and a loss of civil and political rights. |
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