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1999
World AIDS Campaign with Children and Young People -
Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean
|
It
is tragic that HIV should single out a youthful and otherwise
relatively healthy population group. But it is hardly a
coincidence, given the daily circumstances of many young
people’s lives. As we have learnt from two decades of
experience with this epidemic, the path of HIV is eased by
poverty, lack of skills, violence, and harmful social norms
such as machismo and early sexual debut.
|
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Agriculture
and HIV/AIDS
|
This
can be explained by the fact that the objective was to
demonstrate to a reluctant agriculture sector that HIV/AIDS
was having an impact on agriculture production, food security
and rural development. It is now time to go beyond this kind
of demonstration and explore possible ways in which the
agricultural sector can contribute to preventing and
mitigating the HIV/AIDS epidemics
|
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|
Aids
activists lose patience with allies
|
The
group says it chose direct action after its message had fallen
on deaf ears at many demonstrations, protests and pickets.
|
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Aids
Activists to Launch Protest
|
South
African Aids activists said yesterday they would start a
nation-wide civil disobedience campaign to try to force the
government to provide life-prolonging anti-retroviral drugs.
|
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|
AIDS
and Democracy: What do we know?
|
It
is essential to note from the outset the paucity of
substantive data and primary research on the topic of HIV/AIDS
and democracy
|
94 kb pdf
|
|
AIDS and
Development: The Role of Government |
Power
Point Presentation |
1477 kb |
|
AIDS
economic hit underestimated
|
Scholars
have seriously underestimated the economic impact of HIV and
AIDS, which could cause economies in the worst-hit nations to
collapse in two generations unless countries take urgent steps
to fight the disease, according to a World Bank study released
yesterday.
|
|
|
AIDS funding Cuts |
The
House Appropriations Committee
is considering $1.77 billion in cuts to the foreign aid
portion of the fiscal year 2004 budget, which could affect
funding for the president's global AIDS initiative, |
|
|
AIDS in
Prisons |
Presentation
by K. C. Goyer |
21 kb pdf |
|
AIDS
Impact Model (AIM) Approach
|
Building
political Commitment for Effective HIV/AIDS Policies and
Programs
|
774 kb pdf
|
|
AIDS
orphans "to double"
|
The
number of children orphaned by Aids will almost double to 25m
by the end of the decade, experts predict.
|
|
|
AIDS Surveillance in the Americas |
AIDS
Surveillance in the Americas as of 2001. The goal of PAHO’s
Regional Program on HIV/AIDS and STIs is to promote, design,
and facilitate technical activities and policies to improve
the capacity of Member States to reduce the number of future
infections and to provide timely and adequate care for people
living with HIV/AIDS/STI. |
276 kb pdf |
|
AIDS
takes an Economic & Social Toll
|
In
Southern Africa, as elsewhere in the continent, the AIDS
epidemic is not just a health crisis. It is also "a major
threat to development and to human society,"
|
|
|
Aids
to Hit Workforce in '03
|
South
Africa's economy will be hard hit in 2003 as hundreds of
thousands of HIV-infected workers develop full-blown Aids, and
few companies have prepared for this.
|
|
|
AIDS,
Hunger, Terror Threaten the World Security
|
Even
as the world gears up for another major world conflict the UN
says world security is threatened not only by the crises
currently dominating the headlines but by AIDS, hunger and the
"dreams of obscure vengeance" from political
terrorists "whose only achievements are the sudden
screams of innocent people."
|
|
|
AIDS-CIA
stats on number of people infected
|
CIA
report
|
|
|
Allocating
HIV-Prevention Resources: Balancing Efficiency and Equity
|
The primary goal of HIV prevention is to prevent as many
infections as possible. This requires allocating
HIV-prevention resources according to
cost effectiveness principles: those activities that
prevent more infections per dollar are favored over those
that prevent fewer.
|
|
|
|
| Allocating HIV-Prevention
Resources |
The
primary goal of HIV prevention is to prevent as many
infections as possible. This requires allocating
HIV-prevention resources according to cost
effectiveness principles: those activities that
prevent more infections per dollar are favored over those
that prevent fewer. |
96
kb pdf |
|
An
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
(Large report-increased
down-load time) |
The possible responses to the
epidemic are well documented. Risk of sexual transmission can
be reduced by use of condoms and/or cutting down on numbers of
partners and treating other sexually transmitted infections.
Blood and blood products can be made safer through screening
of donors and their blood. Drug users can be encouraged to
sterilise or exchange needles. Work on developing means of
reducing mother to child infection is underway.
One of the
crucial points that has to be made about the HIV/AIDS epidemic
is that it is different from most other epidemics and
diseases, and consequently requires a different and much
broader response - one which must encompass far more than the
health sector
|
|
|
ASSA
AIDS and Demographic Models
(Large report-increased
download time)
|
Although
some actuarial or demographic background will be helpful in
understanding the intricacies of the model’s construction,
the model is designed to be useful to actuaries and
non-actuaries alike. Users who have no need to make changes to
the model and its assumptions, for example those who only want
to use the output, may want to skip the detail in sections 3
and 5. Users who want to change the assumptions underlying the
model must, however, read through this detail as their changes
may otherwise have unintended effects.
|
|
|
Assess
the Value of American Investment in Medical Research
|
How
does a venture capitalist decide where to invest his money? He
compares the potential for return against the risk, and when
the return appears to be significant and the risk isn't too
great, he invests.
|
|
|
Best Practices in
Monitoring & Evaluation-Turkey
|
The
USAID Turkey M&E plan utilized a variety of data sources,
including national population-based surveys; administrative,
service and financial statistics, self-administered
assessments for NGOs and questionnaires
|
Pdf
202 kb
|
|
Challenge
of HIV/AIDS for Food Security and Nutrition
|
The
connection between food availability and HIV/AIDS arises from
the age cohort specific effects of a heterosexually
transmitted infection whereby morbidity and mortality is
concentrated in those age groups which would normally supply
most of the labour needed in labour intensive agricultural
systems.
|
|
|
Childcare
and work: Joint decisions among women in poor neighborhoods of
Guatemala City
|
Recognizing
that mother’s work status may depend on the availability
childcare, decisions to participate in the labor force and to
use formal day care are modeled to allow for the possibility
that they may be jointly determined
|
283 kb pdf
|
|
Containing
Costs While Maintaining Quality
|
Methods
that Insurance carriers use to reduce costs
|
|
|
Countries struggle with hepatitis C contamination. |
Examines how
France, Germany, Australia, the United States and Great
Britain are tackling hepatitis C contamination through blood
and blood products. Screening of blood donations; Recipients
of blood transfusions; Questions on legal responsibility;
Compensation for patients; Intravenous drug use. |
|
|
Declaration
of Commitment on HIV/AIDS "Global Crisis — Global
Action"
|
Deeply
concerned that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, through its
devastating scale and impact, constitutes a global emergency
and one of the most formidable challenges to human life and
dignity, as well as to the effective enjoyment of human
rights, which undermines social and economic development
throughout the world and affects all levels of society —
national, community, family and individual;
|
|
|
Democracy,
Dictatorship and Infant Mortality
|
The
effect of economic development in reducing hunger is widely
know, but what is the effect of a country’s political regime
on the basic welfare of its inhabitants
|
94 kb pdf
|
|
Eastern Europe-assessing
impact
|
Since
1989 the countries of Eastern Europe have undergone a period
of unparalleled change…it is not all certain that the
majority of citizens would regard this as ‘reform’.
|
Pdf
71 kb
|
|
Economic
Consequences of HIV in Russia
|
Results
of AIDS in Russia
|
37 kb pdf
|
|
Economics
of HIV/AIDS Impact Mitigation: Responding to Problems of
Systemic Dysfunction and Sectoral Capacity
|
The
adverse economic impact of HIV/AIDS is becoming increasingly
evident. In high- prevalence countries the growth rates of
gross domestic product are slowing down, the manpower losses
in key sectors are mounting, the number of orphans is
increasing and household poverty is deepening.
|
286 kb pdf
|
|
Endnotes
Stigma
|
Diagram
of effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa
|
51 kb pdf
|
|
Epidemics-Philippines |
This
provisional report, coauthored by the MAP Manila Symposium
participants and produced in some 24 hours, reflects a
consensus of the analysis, determinations, projections and
recommendations brought forward during the symposium. Its aim
is to provide information that can be used by international as
well as local bodies to briefly review the most important
aspects of the history of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in the
Asia-Pacific region to date, recognize the current status of
and trends within these epidemics, and take immediate action
to affect the course of these epidemics in the future. |
|
|
Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and sexually
transmitted infections – 2000 Update |
Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted
infections is a joint effort of WHO and UNAIDS…The primary
objective of the working group is to strengthen national,
regional and global structures and networks for improved
monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs.
|
410 kb pdf |
|
|
|
Estudio formative para obtener-Analisis de Las informaciones
recopiladas en la tercera ronda de entrevistas a los hogares |
Este
infore de investigacion corresponde a la tercera ronda del
studio formative cuya finalidad es obtener una serie de
insumos que permitan il diseno de una estrategia comunitaria
de lucha contra el dengue en la Republica Dominicana |
457 kb pdf |
|
Etude sur les utilisateurs-l’information et de la
communication sur la traite des etres humains aux fins
d’exploitation sexuelle |
La traite
des femmes et des enfants aux fins d’exploitation sexuelle est
un probleme de droits de l’homme qui se pose au niveau mondial. |
622 kb pdf |
|
GAO
- Debt Management: Insights and Tools from Selected Nations
|
Report
from the Government Accounting Office (GAO)
|
289 kb pdf
|
|
Gender Differences in the Timing of First Intercourse: Data
from 14 Countries |
Early
initiation of intercourse and the context within which sexual
activity begins are key indicators of adolescents' potential
risk for unplanned pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted
diseases. Comparative information on the sexual behavior of male
and female adolescents in different countries assists health
planners and service providers in meeting adolescents' needs. |
|
|
Globalization and Disease: The Case of SARS’ |
The economic
costs from a global disease such as SARS goes beyond its direct
damages incurred in the affected sectors in the disease-infected
countries. This is not just because the disease spreads quickly
across countries through networks related to global trade, but
also any economic shock to one country is quickly spread to
other countries through the increased trade and financial
linkages associated with globalization |
753 kb pdf |
|
Globalization, Sex and profits-Are governments doing enough to
prevent the global expansion of the sex industry |
Globalization has increased human interaction around the world
due to technological advances and the diminishing significance
of state and territory borders. This increased interaction has
required governments to cooperate more extensively than ever
before to overcome some of the negative effects of globalization |
154 kb pdf |
|
Globalization, International Law, and Emerging Infectious
Diseases |
The global
nature of the threat posed by new and reemerging infectious
diseases will require international cooperation in
identifying, controlling, and preventing these diseases.
Because of this need for international cooperation,
international law will certainly play a role in the global
strategy for the control of emerging diseases. Recognizing
this fact, the World Health Organization has already
proposed revising the International Health Regulations. This
article examines some basic problems that the global
campaign against emerging infectious diseases might face in
applying international law to facilitate international
cooperation. The international legal component of the global
control strategy for these diseases needs careful attention
because of problems inherent in international law,
especially as it applies to emerging infections issues. |
|
|
Guidelines
for preparation and execution of studies of the social and
economic impact of HIV/AIDS.
|
A forthcoming study described by Keith Jefferis and Robert
Greener about the impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana incorporated
some of the above concerns, including an examination of issues
in rural areas, and a consideration of the impact of
prevailing capital/labor ratios on future economic
performance. The study will also examine the impact of
HIV/AIDS on household-level issues of poverty and economic
inequality.
|
|
|
Guidelines
for Preparation and Execution of Studies of the Social and
Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS
|
HIV/AIDS
is now widespread in much of the developing world. Because it
results in exceptional levels of illness and death in the
mature adult population it has many social and economic
implications
|
193 kb pdf
|
|
High
prevalence of HIV infection among youth in a South African
mining town
is associated with HSV-2 seropositivity and sexual behaviour
|
In this study published in AIDS, the authors found
an extremely high prevalence of HIV among young women (34%)
and men (9%) aged 14-24 years from a township in the
Carletonville district of South Africa. HIV prevalence among
women aged 24 was 66%, one of the highest rates ever reported
in a general population.
|
|
|
HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination-the Epidemic Continues
|
The article
summarizes the present situation as described in reports from
numerous countries throughout the world. It reviews the
institutional, non-institutional, and structural dimensions of
HIV-related discrimination. It also identifies some essential
components of anti-discrimination efforts: legal protection;
public, workplace, and health-care programs; community
mobilization; and strategizing on the determinants of health.
|
|
|
HIV
and AIDS-related stigmatization, discrimination and denial:
forms, contexts and determinants
|
From
the moment scientists identified HIV/AIDS, social responses fo
fear, denial, stigma and discrimination have accompanied the
epidemic
|
198 kb pdf
|
|
HIV,
AIDS, and the Changing Burden of Disease in Southern Africa: A
brief note on the evidence and implications.
|
Even
in the absence of long-term, comparable data, however,
empirical evidence on burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa
directly contradicts this claim. As the AIDS epidemic has
matured, it has clearly had devastating and appreciable
demographic and epidemiological effects
|
|
|
HIV Prevention is Achievable |
One reason
why these countries have been successful is that they have
formulated prevention policies on the basis of sound science.
This has enabled them to combat the many myths that have
characterized this pandemic. This includes the myth of
complacency ("we won't / don't have the problem), the myth
that condoms are not effective, that sex education in schools
leads to youth having more sex, that syringe exchange programs
increase drug use, that sexual behavior cannot be changed and
that we need to wait for a vaccine before I-HV will be
prevented (a vaccine will help, but all experts agree that it
is at least a decade away). |
|
|
HIV/AIDS
and Globalization - What is the epidemic telling us about
economics, morality and pragmatism?
|
Disease
epidemics have been related as both cause and effect to
increasing integration of human economies, societies and
cultures throughout history. It is well known that infectious
disease is not equally distributed between different societies
and different sections of the same society. This clear on a
global scale where disparities in exposure to infection and
access to public health provision and health care are acute.
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS
and Globalization: What is the epidemic telling us about
economics, morality and pragmatism?
|
It
may not be possible to supply the former category of good
though markers, depending on whether a relationship, which is
the good, is provided through a market. For example a foster
parent provides care and support, a parent provides love as
well. Can money buy love, can you cost a cuddle?
|
48 kb pdf
|
|
HIV/Aids
Awareness Programmes Increased
|
An
international aid organisation in Ethiopia has announced it is
stepping up HIV/AIDS awareness, as the country is gripped by
drought, to ensure the virus does not further hamper relief
efforts.
|
|
|
HIV/Aids
Barometer - March 2003
|
Unsafe
sex: The World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAids have
rejected claims that injections with reused needles are
responsible for many cases of HIV infection in Africa.
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS
has changed the world: Food insecurity and disease-what we
need to know
|
It
will require new agricultural techniques, appropriate to a
depleted work force.
|
134 kb pdf
|
|
HIV/AIDS
Impact Studies-Some progress Evident
|
Through
a series of regression analyses… Bonned concludes that the
effect of AIDS on GDP will be severe.
|
34 kb pdf
|
|
HIV/AIDS
in Prison: Problems, Policies and Potential
|
Presentation
about this issue
|
159 kb pdf
|
|
Hungary
curbs drug company advertising
|
"The
era of uncontrolled drug advertising, unsupervised
vaccine programmes, leaflets promoting pharmacies,
and medications jamming mailboxes is over,"
|
|
|
Income
Diversification in Zimbabwe: Welfare implications from urban
and rural areas
|
There
are important differences in the level of diversification
within the rural and urban areas, depending on wealth: while
the relatively better-off households have a more diversified
income base in rural areas, it is the poor that pursue
multiple income sources in urban areas
|
297 pdf
|
|
Kazakh health workers jailed in HIV+ infants case |
A group of
medical workers went on trial in the southern city of
Shymkent in January on charges of criminal negligence for
allowing the children to be infected, mainly through blood
transfusions in hospitals. Campaigners accuse the
oil-producing former Soviet state of doing too little to
improve hospitals, raise medical standards and root out
discrimination against HIV-positive patients. |
|
|
Low
agro output Blamed on AIDS
|
AGRICULTURE
and Cooperatives Minister Mundia Sikatana has attributed the
low production levels in agriculture to the effects of the
deadly HIV/AIDS pandemic which has ravaged the sector.
|
|
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