Until we can define what we are dealing with when we
talk of stigma and discrimination we may not be able to do anything
very much. Below are some ideas put together as a result of the
stigma discussion at the Jerusalem conference and other discussions
about stigma we have If you have something to add that may help
people in their creation of anti-stigma and anti-discrimination
programs send us an email
info@heart-intl.net
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Accelerating
the Momentum in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS
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HIV/AIDS
related discrimination and stigma in South Asia: A violation
of Human Rights
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133 kb pdf
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AIDS
and the law
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Health
care workers in more than 25 U.S. states are now required to
disclose the name and address of persons testing positive for
HIV to state health departments and in some cases can legally
compel a patient to list his or her known sexual contacts.
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Annual
Report-1999 from the Population Council
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They
seek to improve the wellbeing and reproductive health of
current and future generations around the world and to help
achieve a humane, equitable, and sustainable balance between
people and resources
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1,969 kb pdf
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Aspects
of Stigma
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Until
we can define what we are dealing with when we talk of stigma
and discrimination we may not be able to do anything very
much. Below are some ideas put together as a result of the
stigma discussion at the Jerusalem conference and other
discussions about stigma
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Assessing Self-Efficacy for HIV Serostatus Disclosure |
Four
studies were conducted to systematically develop scales for
assessing self-efficacy to disclose HIV status to sex
partners and negotiate safer sex practices among men and
women living with HIV/AIDS |
Pdf 140 kb |
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BIO-TERRORISM
AND HEPATITIS C: Is it feasible?
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Over
the last five years our society has heard more and more about
a liver disease called hepatitis C. The media has dubbed it
the "silent killer" and the "silent
epidemic" because it takes 20 to 30 years under normal
conditions until it manifests serious damage to the liver and
impacts the infected persons quality of life.
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Concentration
Camp Economics
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The
fast-paced growth of the U.S. prison industry, with its
exorbitant incarceration rates, was originally advertised to
the people as a necessary part of the "get tough on
crime" movement. Though the public's fear of crime and
violence has been stoked to inflammatory proportions as part
of the sales campaign, the reality today is that what has
become known as the prison/ industrial complex has more to do
with the economic vitality of communities than it has with
criminal justice.
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Conceptualizing
Stigma.
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The
stigma concept we construct has implications for understanding
several core issues in stigma research, ranging from the
definition of the concept to the reasons stigma sometimes
represents a very persistent predicament in the lives of
persons affected by it
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213 kb pdf
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Couples
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A
couple is composed of two persons in a committed sexual or
romantic relationship, usually over a significant period of
time. Couples may be opposite-sex or same-sex, married or
unmarried, monogamous or nonmonogamous, and cohabitating or
living apart and may or may not have children.
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COUPLES'
PERCEPTIONS OF WIVES' CFS SYMPTOMS, SYMPTOM CHANGE, AND IMPACT
ON THE MARITAL RELATIONSHIP
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The
purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to
describe the differences in couples' perceptions of wives'
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) symptoms and to describe the
relationship between changing symptoms and the marital
relationship.
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Courts Perpetuating AIDS Stereotypes, Study Indicates
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The study,
which examined the cumulative total of all AIDS-related
litigation since the epidemic began in 1981, was released by
the AIDS Litigation Project, which was established three
years ago to help lawyers, health care providers and
consumers understand the evolution of laws regarding the
rights of people with AIDS or those infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus. It is funded by the AIDS program
office of the Department of Health and Human Services.
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Differences
in Knowledge of Hepatitis B Among Vietnamese, African-
American, Hispanic, and White Adolescents in Worcester,
Massachusetts
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Knowledge
of hepatitis B was low overall. Vietnamese respondents were
more likely than were other students to know that hepatitis B
affects the liver. However, they were much less likely than
were other students to correctly identify sex with an infected
person as a risk factor for infection
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Disability
Awareness and Changing Attitudes
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Public
attitudes toward disability are often the greatest barrier for
people with disabilities. Since the publication of the
reference bibliography "Attitudes toward Handicapped
People, Past and Present" in 1984, however, the emphasis
in the literature on disability has been shifting from a focus
on differentness and limitation to a focus on abilities and
potential.
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DISABILITY
LAW AND HIV/AIDS
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"Conditions in society which are not defined as a problem and for
which alternatives are never proposed, never become policy
issues. Government does nothing and conditions remain the
same."
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Disclosure
of HIV Infection Among Asian/Pacific Islander American Women:
Cultural Stigma and Support
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Disclosure
of HIV infection can lead to important social support that can
mitigate the negative effects of stress. However, disclosure
can also result in rejection, discrimination, and stigma,
making the decision to disclose a dilemma for individuals
infected with HIV. This decision may be particularly difficult
for Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) women, owing to HIV's
association with topics considered "taboo" in Asian
cultures
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Disclosure
of HIV-Positive Status to Partners
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Among
patients who did not disclose, 57% used condoms less than all
the time. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds
that an individual with 1 sexual partner disclosed was 3.2
times the odds that a person with multiple sexual partners
disclosed. The odds that an individual with high spousal
support disclosed was 2.8 times the odds of individuals
without high support, and the odds that whites or Latinos
disclosed was 3.1 times the odds that blacks disclosed.
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Doctors'
& Nurses' Knowledge & Attitudes
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This
report presents responses to AIDS-related questions from a
national sample of 958 physicians and 1,520 registered nurses
in 1990-91. Questions included willingness to treat AIDS
patients and whether they believe that they were
professionally obligated and should be legally required to do
so, attitudes toward homosexual men and intravenous drug
users, knowledge about HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
transmission, perceptions of the risk of HIV contagion,
precautionary practices, trust in HIV authorities, career
plans, and attitudes toward mandatory testing and mandatory
reporting. Physicians' and nurses' responses were compared
nationally.
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Early
Effects of a School-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Infection and Sexual Risk
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Preintervention
data indicated that the study population was involved in
sexual activity and other risk behaviors at rates comparable
to those of other urban adolescent populations. Examination of
3 outcome constructs as dependent variables (knowledge, sexual
self-efficacy, and safe behavior intention) revealed that the
health educators and peer educators increased students'
knowledge significantly more than did the control condition
for both middle (females, P<.01; males, P<.01) and high
(females, P<.001; males, P<.001) school. Comparisons of
self-efficacy changes across intervention groups did not reach
statistical significance, and safe behavior intention changes
differed significantly by intervention group for high school
but not for middle school students. For all analyses, the
preintervention scores for each outcome variable were the most
powerful predictors of postintervention scores, and analysis
of variance models predicted substantial overall variance.
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Effect
of HIV Reporting by Name on Use of HIV Testing in Publicly
Funded Counseling and Testing Programs
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No
significant declines in the total number of HIV tests provided
at counseling and testing sites in the months immediately
after implementation of HIV reporting occurred in any state,
other than those expected from trends present before HIV
reporting.
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Effect
of Training Program on Physicians' Attitudes towards knowledge
and Practice Patterns Related to Assessment and Screening of
Clients with HIV/AIDS
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The study also examines physicians' practice patterns related to the
screening and testing of Hispanic patients at risk for the
disease. A one on one educational program was taken to the
physician's office at a time convenient to the physician. A
pre- and post-test design is used with questionnaires
developed for the study that assess self-reported data related
to physicians' attitudes, knowledge and practice patterns
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Endnotes-Stigma
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Breakdown
of and list of reference concerning AIDS
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53 kb pdf
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Epidemic
Ravages Caregivers; Thousands die from diseases contracted
through needle sticks
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Instead,
OSHA said it would develop tough new workplace regulations to
protect health care workers -- a process that would involve
sending notices to 600,000 employers, gathering comments and
holding public hearings. The process would be lengthy, but
health care workers were optimistic that the agency was at
last paying attention to the needle stick epidemic
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EXAMPLES OF DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT
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Impairment
in pre-work, Race discrimination in work, Pregnancy
discrimination and victimization at work, Prospective
employee asked age at interview, Race discrimination, Young
worker harassed at work, Sex discrimination and sexual
harassment |
Pdf 285 kb |
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EXPECTATIONS
AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT MENTAL
RETARDATION
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Mentally
retarded and nonretarded perceiver children (n = 40) conversed
by telephone with a child who was described as a special
or regular education student. Perceivers
reported that special and regular education
telephone partners behaved differently during the conversation
even though observers who were unaware of how telephone
partners had been described did not detect behavioral
differences between them. These same observers did detect
differences in stereotype related social behaviors of mentally
retarded and nonretarded perceivers, but only when perceivers
thought they were speaking to a regular education
student. Observer ratings also suggested that nonretarded
perceivers "talked down" to special education
telephone partners.
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Fear
of dying and HIV infection vs hepatitis B Infection
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Fear
of certain death seems to account for the greater concern
about exposure to HIV than to Hepatitis B.
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Fighting
Stigma
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There
are myths that have become part of American
"folklore" that contribute to this stigma. The main
ones are (1 ) that people with mental illness are violent and
(2) that people with mental illness don't recover. So, to
fight stigma, the two major messages to communicate are that
these myths are false -- that (1) statistics show that
"mental disorders ... account for a minuscule portion of
the violence that afflicts American society," according
to a statement issued by the National Stigma Clearinghouse;
and that (2) people with mental illness do recover, and return
to their communities to lead productive lives.
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