|
A very good audio concerning Hepatitis C from the BBC
Llama Lashes and Grumpy Old Gits approximately 45 minutes |
|
12 Principles of Islamic Unity - Action
Items |
Principles of Islamic Unity by Dr. Adel
Elsaie |
|
|
Abstinance Failure
|
AIDS is destroying more women than men.
This is confirmed by recent mortality
records of the Family Health and
Population Action Committee (FAHPAC)
Home Based Care program. The most
pathetic thing is that more women die
because of two main reasons. The culture
of silence by women, even in the face of
injustice. Experience shows that even
when it is clear that the problem of HIV
infection could be traced to the
husband, he cannot be queried by the
wife. Most men will treat their sexually
transmitted disease and even AIDS
without discussing it with their
spouses. Poor women! She struggles with
diseases for which she is innocent and
suffers in silence. A good number of men
resist HIV screening when their wives
are HIV positive. The woman only bemoans
the situation and takes no actions to
safeguard her own interest and prevent
further infection. The “master” is a
sacred cow. Again, the woes that befall
a woman whose husband dies of AIDS is
intolerable and degrading. She faces a
barrage of sanctions and punishments for
her sin. She may be beaten up, isolated
and ridiculed publicly. Of course, she
may automatically lose all her family
property to the in-laws. Coupled with
all these inhumane treatments, is the
possibility of having any of the
children test HIV positive. The woman is
thus even disadvantaged because she may
be completely left to “her own fate.”
The clarion call from FAHPAC is for all
concerned government, nongovernmental
organization and communities to wake up
to the support of women who are HIV
positive. |
|
|
Access to Services for Sex Workers:
Maharashtra, India “Too little, too
late?” |
Power Point Presentation |
218 kb |
|
Acute Respiratory Disease Associated
with Adenovirus Serotype 14 |
Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a
rarely reported but emerging serotype of
adenovirus that can cause severe and
sometimes fatal respiratory illness in
patients of all ages, including healthy
young adults. In May 2006, an infant in
New York aged 12 days died from
respiratory illness caused by Ad14.
During March--June 2007, a total of 140
additional cases of confirmed Ad14
respiratory illness were identified in
clusters of patients in Oregon,
Washington, and Texas. Fifty-three (38%)
of these patients were hospitalized,
including 24 (17%) who were admitted to
intensive care units (ICUs); nine (5%)
patients died. Ad14 isolates from all
four states were identical by sequence
data from the full hexon and fiber genes |
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ADULT MORTALITY IN THE ERA OF HIV/AIDS:
THE ARAB COUNTRIES OF WESTERN ASIA AND
NORTHERN AFRICA |
This paper reviews recent levels and
trends in mortality conditions and the
possible impact of AIDS in the Arab
region of West Asia and North Africa.
Twenty two countries/territories are
considered in this study: 12 in Western
Asia (Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Oman, Occupied Palestinian
territory, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian
Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, and
Yemen), and 6 in Northern Africa
(Algeria, Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,
Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia). To
complete the picture of the mortality
transition in the Arab region, 4 more
countries are included in the analysis,
3 in Eastern Africa (Comoros, Djibouti
and Somalia), and one in Western Africa
(Mauritania). |
Pdf 997 kb |
|
AIDS Patients to Receive Free Treatment
in Gov’t Hospitals
|
The
Health Ministry announced yesterday that
1,201 new AIDS cases had been discovered
and reported in the Kingdom. According
to the ministry, among the new cases
reported by the end of 2005, 311 were
Saudi nationals and 890 were foreigners.
It said that from 1984 to the end of
2005, 10,120 AIDS cases were reported in
the Kingdom. Saudis accounted for 2,316
cases representing 22.9 percent of the
total number while non-Saudis accounted
for 7,804 cases representing 77.1
percent. |
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|
|
After officially denying the existence
of AIDS during the communist years,
Romania now requires AIDS tests for
people getting married or applying for
jobs _ a rule activists say perpetuates
discrimination. Health experts warn that
infection rates in Eastern Europe will
skyrocket if countries fail to adopt
more pragmatic policies. |
|
|
AIDS/HIV Infected Health Care Workers:
Guidance on the Management of Infected
Health Care Workers and Patient
Notification |
Key Points and Recommendations for the
Management of infected health care
workers.
|
Pdf 121 kb |
|
As you
know, the ADA provides that no covered
entity shall discriminate against a
qualified individual with a disability |
The term “discriminate” includes
“excluding or otherwise denying equal
jobs or benefits to a qualified
individual because of the known
disability of an individual with whom
the qualified person is known to have a
relationship or association.” This is
known as “association discrimination,” |
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|
Although
few prospective long-term survival and
health care cost studies are available
for hepatitis C, it has been possible to
estimate the life-long economic impact
of the disease for both the individual
patient and for the U.S. population with
chronic hepatitis B. Lifetime health
care costs for a patient with chronic
hepatitis B has been estimated at
$65,000 in the absence of liver
transplantation. For the 150,000 HBV
carriers with significant liver damage,
the lifetime health care costs in the
U.S. have been estimated to be $9
billion. Assuming an estimated survival
of 25 years, the annual health care
costs for the affected U.S. population
with chronic hepatitis B is $360
million. Based on the same economic
analysis, treatment of chronic hepatitis
B with interferon is projected to
increase life expectancy by about three
years and reduce the aggregate health
care costs. |
|
|
Catholic Children's Aid Society of
Hamilton v. J.I.
|
The two children in question were
ordered Crown wards with no access to
either parent -- The mother, who was
H.I.V. positive, was unable to meet her
parental responsibilities with regard to
the two children. Both children were
ordered Crown wards with no access to
the parents -- The children's aid
society argued that the two children in
question were in need of protection and
sought an order of Crown wardship with
no access to the parents -- The mother,
who had come to Canada from Nigeria, was
H.I.V. positive, as was the second
child, E. -- The mother was facing
outstanding criminal charges with regard
to failing to disclose her illness to
E.'s father, who had contracted the
disease -- HELD: An order for Crown
wardship with no access to the parents
was made, as it was in the best
interests of the children as it would
allow them to be adopted -- The evidence
overwhelmingly supported a finding that
the mother did not have the ability to
meet her parental responsibilities to
the children and that she consistently
rejected most of the assistance offered
to her by the society and the staff at
the S.I.S. clinic to meet the needs of
the children -- The child O. was found
in need of protection as she was at risk
of suffering physical harm on account of
her developmental stage and the mother's
demonstrated lack of ability to ensure
her safety even during access visits,
her potential exposure to the HIV virus,
as well as her past failure to follow
medical advice -- Furthermore, O. was at
risk from suffering emotional harm based
on the mother's lack of ability or
willingness to be responsive to O.'s
behaviour and need for attention during
access visits, and her failure to work
with society and daycare staff to
facilitate the child's speech and
language development -- The child E. was
in need of protection as he had become
infected with H.I.V. as a result of the
mother's deliberate actions, including
her failure to obtain the recommended
medical care, and E.'s ongoing need to
ensure that his medications were taken
regularly -- E. was also at risk of
suffering emotional harm, in part
because of the issues he would be facing
being H.I.V. positive and the inability
of the mother to provide and/or arrange
the support he would inevitably require
-- There was no air of reality to the
mother's plan of care for the children. |
Pdf 117 kb |
|
Christianity's Contribution to Women |
American
women were baptized into the workforce
decades ago. Today they're running their
own businesses, launching their own
product lines, are managers, directors,
VPs and CEOs. That's why the Southern
Baptists' spat over women in the
workplace is laughable. What's next –
debate over whether the earth is round? |
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Clerics from all faiths establish
project to tackle AIDS in the Arab world
|
Silence about the nature and prevalence
of HIV/AIDS tends to be the norm in the
Arab world, where conservative
traditions discourage any public
discussion of sex. People who have
tested positive for the HIV virus are
often shunned and suffer
discrimination. "AIDS is an evil that
is devouring Arab societies," said Rania
Abdel Rahman, an activist from Sudan,
which has by far the highest infection
rate in the Arab world. The United
Nations AIDS program and the WHO
estimate that Sudan has 350,000 people
infected with HIV — more than 10 times
the estimate for any other Arab country. |
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|
Corporate Responsibility in a World of
AIDS: The Economic Case for Investing
Now |
Power Point Presentation |
254 kb |
|
Cost of Hepatitis C |
We estimate $5.46 billion as the cost of
HCV in 1997. Costs are split as
follows: 33% for direct and 67% for
indirect costs. Hepatitis C virus that
results in chronic liver disease
contributes roughly 92% of the costs,
and HCV that results in primary liver
cancer contributes the remaining 8%.
The total estimate of $5.46 billion is
conservative, because we ignore costs
associated with pain and suffering and
the value of care rendered by family
members. |
Pdf 101 kb |
|
Country Report of the Russian Federation
on the Implementation of the Declaration
of Commitment on HIV/AIDS |
The first case of HIV was identified in
the Russian Federation in 1987. Until
1995, the infection primarily spread
through sexual contact, mainly through
unprotected homosexual intercourse. At
that time, there was a steady increase
in the number of HIV-positive people
with 100-150 new cases registered per
year. |
Pdf 864 kb |
|
Criminal Charges Against Pfizer for
Illegal Human Experimentation in Africa |
THE Federal Government yesterday filed
fresh charges against Pfizer
International Incorporated (PII),
accusing seven of the company’s top
officials of fraud and criminal breach
of trust of its controversial drug test,
popularly known as Trovan Clinical
Trials, it carried out on Nigerian
citizens in Kano in 1996, which had
fatal results. |
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DaimlerChrysler SA-HIV/AIDS Workplace
Programme
(Large Report-Increase download time) |
Power Point Presentation concerning how
Daimler-Chrysler in South Africa is
dealing with HIV/AIDS in the workplace |
1714 kb |
|
Depression and Thoughts of Suicide Among
Middle-Aged and Older Persons Living
With HIV-AIDS |
Once an epidemic concentrated among the
young, AIDS is increasingly
affecting older adults. Of all persons
in the United States who have
been diagnosed as having AIDS, the
proportion who were men age
45 and older cumulatively increased from
9 percent in 1995 to 21
percent in mid-1999. A similar
escalation in AIDS cases was
observed in women age 45 and older, who
constituted 6 percent of all
cases in 1995 and 16 percent in
mid-1999. New HIV infection
rates also suggest that the trend toward
greater percentages of older
adults with an AIDS diagnosis will
continue; 29 percent of men
and 24 percent of women newly infected
with HIV in 1997 were between
35 and 44 years old (1,2).
Thus more adults are becoming
infected in their thirties and forties,
and advances in treatments for
both HIV infection and AIDS-associated
conditions are increasing the
longevity of those living with
HIV infection. Although older
adults clearly constitute a growing
population of people with
HIV-AIDS, little is known about their
mental health needs and their
ability to cope with HIV infection. |
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De-stigmatizing Disease
|
Growing up in the '90s, it's almost
guaranteed that you have been offered to
wear a red AIDS ribbon, a yellow
Livestrong bracelet, or a pink breast
cancer pin at some point in your life.
It could be said that some diseases even
have an era as they rise and fall in the
awareness of the public eye. We've seen
it in the past with polio and mumps and
most recently with cancer and AIDS.
However, before the public can accept
the severity of these diseases and work
for change, they must first overcome the
built-in stigmas attached to these
diseases. This can be difficult to do,
especially if choice was a factor in
contracting or developing the disease,
which would imply that the person is
partially responsible for his or her
situation. Ultimately, this makes for a
cause that is far less likely to
generate sympathy or funding from
society. |
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|
Determinants of HIV Knowledge and
Behavior of Women in Madagascar: An
Analysis Using Matched Household and
Community Data
|
We estimate the determinants of HIV/AIDS
knowledge and related behavior (use of
condoms) among women in Madagascar, a
country where prevalence remains low but
conditions are ripe for a rapid increase
in infections. In both rural and urban
areas, more educated and wealthier women
are more likely to know about means of
preventing infection, less likely to
have misconceptions about transmission,
and more likely to use condoms.
Community factors such as availability
of health centers and access to roads
also lead to greater HIV knowledge.
However, most of the large rural-urban
difference in mean knowledge is due not
to location per se but to differences in
schooling and wealth; rather than simply
being geographically targeted, AIDS
education efforts must be designed to
target and be understood by uneducated
and poor subpopulations. |
Pdf 242 kb |
|
Discrimination against people with HIV
and AIDS in Poland |
The recent increase in HIV seroprevalence in Poland,
particularly among injecting
drug users, has been accompanied by
widespread discrimination
against people affected by HIV and AIDS.
As in other countries, this
discrimination may be attributed to a
large extent to fear and ignorance
about HIV and AIDS together
with pre-existing prejudices against the
people who are most commonly
associated with the epidemic. In Poland
extreme hostility towards
drug users combined with the powerful
influence of a traditional
Catholic church have so far impeded
effective education about HIV
and AIDS and anti-discrimination
strategies. |
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Do
You Think It's Related? |
Over the past six years, similar
questions have been posed to me by
hepatitis C patients thousands of times.
Too often, their doctors tell them their
symptoms and other medical conditions
are not related to hepatitis C, which
causes frustration and confusion for
patients. The fact that so many patients
report similar symptoms and that a
multitude of research has shown a
remarkable number of Hepatitis C Virus
patients with other conditions, makes it
clear that there is more to the relation
between these conditions than just
coincidence. |
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Economic Impact |
Assessing the magnitude of the economic
impact hinges, of course, on the
difficult task of determining the cause
of the epidemic itself. Based on
anecdotal evidence at the household and
firm level, however, a reasonable
hypothesis is that the impact on the
productive sectors will be channeled
through changes in the size and quality
of the labor force. Given the scale of
the epidemic in some hard hit countries,
it is conceivable that long-run growth
in per capita output will be
constrained.AIDS predominantly affects
adults in their prime sexual and most
productive ages, and unlike many other
diseases afflicting adults in developing
countries, it is fatal. Furthermore,
this disease does not spare the
occupation of urban elite, who is
arguably among the most productive
members of the economy. They thought
that the virus first spread among higher
socioeconomic classes in African
countries. Indeed, infection rates in
African urban centers are often double
those in rural areas (AIDS is already
the leading cause of adult death in
Abidjan, and about 20 percent of adults
are infected). |
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Ethical Considerations Regarding Access
to Experimental Treatment and
Experimentation on Human Subjects
|
One overall conclusion shared by
everyone should be stressed at the
beginning. There are interesting
problems concerning fair distribution of
experimental treatments (although no
unanimity exists about whether persons’
interests in participating should be
thought of as a right). As a practical
matter, however, distribution of
experimental treatment is a problem of
much lesser importance than fair
distribution of established treatments.
This paper does not address the problem
but that it is a much more important
issue for political action is clear. |
Pdf 107 kb |
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|
There are an estimated ninety to a
hundred million women and girls living
today in African countries that have had
some form of female circumcision (Lane
and Rubinstein 1996). Recent articles in
the media have reported the growing
practice of female circumcision in the
US and Europe, among immigrants from
countries where it is part of the
culture. Circumcision occurs for a
number of cultural reasons, such as
religion, tradition, preserving
virginity, and cultural identification.
However, the practice of severe forms of
female circumcision is now proven to be
a great health risk, and the women of
the societies that still practice female
circumcision risk severe health
problems. This paper reviews the
practice of female circumcision and
proposes a plan to reduce the use of
harmful forms of circumcision, and
consequently, the health problems
associated with it |
|
For sale: Burmese virgins
PROSTITUTION
|
"What can we do in Burma? We have no money but we need
to eat. Burmese soldiers don't love the people. They force us
to work but pay us nothing. They also extort money or rice from
us. If we don't give it to them, we may get raped," complained
Kham Euay, 19, a Tai-Lue girl from Shan State. "So coming to
seek our fortune here, I thought, is better than starving at home,"
added the girl, who is also now infected with the Aids virus
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FORCED SEXUAL RELATIONS among married
young women in developing countries
|
The paucity of nationally representative
data makes it difficult to establish the
prevalence of nonconsensual sex among
married young women in developing
countries. What is clear however from
papers presented at the New Delhi
meeting is that early forced sex is
reported by married young women living
in diverse contexts. Where arranged
marriage is the norm, few women exercise
choice in whom they will marry; forced
sex is also experienced in settings in
which partner choice among young women
is more prevalent. Indeed, evidence from
the DHS and other surveys suggests that
between 3 and 23 per cent of married
young women (aged 15-24) in developing
countries such as Cambodia, Colombia,
Haiti, India, Nepal, Nicaragua and
Zambia have ever experienced
non-consensual sex by a current or
former spouse |
Pdf 165 kb |
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|
While the majority of health care
professionals comply with ethical
guidelines and do not deny care or
treatment to people living with HIV (PLHIV),
a disturbing number of health care
professionals engage in stigmatising and
discriminatory behaviour, according to
studies presented at the recent XVI
International AIDS Conference in
Toronto. Health care workers are also
reported to engage in practices that
contravene codes of professional ethics,
including HIV testing without consent
and disclosure of confidential medical
information without prior permission.
This was revealed by Takawira Moses, who
works with Medicin Sans Frontiers (MSF)
in rural Zambia. |
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Gender, HIV/AIDS transmission and
impacts: a review of issues and evidence
|
The female: male ratio of HIV/AIDS
infection varies by age, with women
tending to be infected at younger ages
on average than men. Regional variation
in the extent to which men and women are
affected is also evident, with highest
rates of female infection occurring in
countries where heterosexual
transmission is the dominant mode and
overall prevalence rates are high,
including Sub-Saharan Africa and the
Caribbean. In Africa, with an adult
prevalence rate of 7.41 percent, 50
percent of those infected are female.
In the Caribbean, with the next highest
adult prevalence rate of 1.82 percent,
33 percent of those infected are
female. The percentage of women among
those infected is particularly low (and
therefore the proportion of men higher)
in East Asia and the Pacific (13
percent). Up to 80 percent of all women
worldwide affected by HIV/AIDS are in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Peri-natal
transmission is also an important and
gender-specific route of HIV infection,
where significant numbers of the female
population of reproductive age are
infected. Overall, around 33 percent of
children of HIV-positive mothers are
estimated to be infected. |
Pdf 423 kb |
|
Gendered representations of HIV/AIDS and
the reproduction of hegemonic discourses
on femininity in media images
|
In the South African context, the media
has tended to seize on the most
sensational moments of this focus and
often reproduced (albeit inadvertently),
as the academic literature itself has,
problematic representations of women.
The following paper draws on visual
representations of HIV/AIDS and violence
against women, over 5 months of the Mail
and Guardian, a progressive weekly
newspaper in South Africa, as a snapshot
of how HIV/AIDS is currently
represented, particularly with respect
to women and gender relations. The
pictures utilised in this presentation
aim to demonstrate the way in which
popular representations not only
reproduce traditional constructions of
women as passive, helpless victims in
the realm of HIV, violence and sexual
relations, but also highlight the way in
which women are inadvertently
stigmatised and blamed for the epidemic.
Furthermore, the images illustrate the
continued processes of 'othering' which
also reflects racist and classist
discourses in the construction of
HIV/AIDS. |
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Globalization, International Law, and
Emerging Infectious Diseases |
The
global nature of the threat posed by new
and reemerging infectious diseases will
require international cooperation in
identifying, controlling, and preventing
these diseases. Because of this need for
international cooperation, international
law will certainly play a role in the
global strategy for the control of
emerging diseases. Recognizing this
fact, the World Health Organization has
already proposed revising the
International Health Regulations. This
article examines some basic problems
that the global campaign against
emerging infectious diseases might face
in applying international law to
facilitate international cooperation.
The international legal component of the
global control strategy for these
diseases needs careful attention because
of problems inherent in international
law, especially as it applies to
emerging infections issues. |
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Gujarat Response to HIV/AIDS Epidemic |
Power Point Presentation |
1504 kb |
|
Health-HIV in India – A fast spreading
Epidemic |
Power Point Presentation |
78 kb |
|
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in
Health Care Workers |
In the delivery of health care services,
transmission of HBV from a HCW can occur
only when infected blood or its
components enters a patient through
injury or mucocutaneous transmission |
Pdf 33 kb |
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A Portland Oregon study suggests
hepatitis C may trigger fibromyalgia.
The study is the first to show a link
between the two illnesses. Fibromyalgia
often arises after a traumatic event or
an illness. Several infections have
previously been proposed as potential
inciters of fibromyalgia, including Lyme
disease and the human herpes virus-6. |
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Although there is considerable published
research on Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),
individual biases persist
because of lack of information regarding
HIV virus transmission. As a
result, both infected patients and
health care professionals
suffer. The objective of this study was
to determine if there is
prejudice among university professors at
the School of Dentistry at
Araçatuba’s São Paulo State University
(FOA-UNESP) concerning
HIV-positive patients or HIV-positive
health care professionals. Out of
the seventy-seven professors
who responded to the questionnaire, 62.3
percent (forty-eight) stated
that they advise their students not to
refuse to treat a patient
with HIV. Although 96.2 percent
(fifty-two) of the fifty-four
professors who treat patients have
reported that they treat
patients who are HIV-positive, only 65.3
percent of them were aware of
infection control precautions, and only
32.7 percent reported that they
would treat an HIV-positive
patient like any other patient. There is
also prejudice regarding
HIV-positive professionals because only
48.1 percent (thirty-seven)
of the professors responded that they
would be willing to be
treated by an infected professional. It
can be concluded that there
is prejudice among some of the FOA-UNESP
university professors
regarding individuals who are
HIV-positive. |
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HIV Erupts in Russia |
Across Russia, widespread ignorance and
stigma surrounding the disease still
facilitate the isolation of people with
HIV. The vulnerability and instability
of drug users, sex workers and street
children makes these groups especially
hard to mobilize |
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The murder in June of Vivian Kavuma in
Uganda by her lover after she disclosed
that she was infected with HIV…The
brutal stabbing with a pitchfork of
15-year-old Isaiah Gakuyo last April in
Kenya by his uncle simply because the
orphan was HIV-positive. There were
numerous witnesses to the attack, but
none intervened…The murder of in June
2005 human rights activist Octavio Acuña
Rubio in a condom shop he owned in
Mexico. |
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HIV/AIDS The Untold Story
|
AIDS has an uncanny knack for attacking
people the dominant society considers
"undesirables": gays, injection drug
users (IDUs), prisoners, and people of
color. The commonly cited US statistic
that African Americans have twice the
AIDS rate as white Americans understates
the problem because it is based on the
total number of cases since 1981. While
white gay men constituted the large
majority of cases in the early days, by
the early 1990s the rate of new cases
among Latinos was 2.5 times higher than
among whites, and the black/ white ratio
was even starker at 5-1 for men and 15-1
for women. By 1993, AIDS had become the
leading cause of death among African
Americans between the ages of 25 and 44.
Internationally, the racial disparity is
even worse: About 80 percent of the
world's 9 million AIDS deaths through
1995 have occurred in Africa, where 2
million children have already been
orphaned. |
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|
In promoting the health and well being
of the members of the community, it is
the policy of the University to take
appropriate steps to minimise the risk
of transmission of infectious diseases
such as the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) and hepatitis. The University is
also committed to supporting and
protecting staff and students living
with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis from
harassment or discrimination. |
|
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HIV/AIDS through the lens of
Christianity: Perspectives from a South
African urban support group
|
HIV is one of the most obscure viruses
that humankind has had to face in recent
times. Compounding this obscurity are
often contesting perspectives on what it
means to be HIV infected, and these
perspectives are largely constituted by
people’s rationalisation of complex
situations or experiences. Using
qualitative research methods and
ethnography in particular, this paper
reflects on a broad understanding of
what it means to live with HIV in the
context of Christianity, using research
participants’ perspectives in an urban
support group setting. Two fundamental
patterns are evident in this paper: (1)
as support group members rationalise
their HIV infection, they continuously
construct and reconstruct their
identities; and (2) support group
members rationalise their HIV infection
to enhance their coping abilities, using
Christianity and the Bible in
particular, as a reference. Whilst
rationalising HIV infection, three
viewpoints emerge. The first viewpoint
perceives HIV infection as an affliction
by Satan; the second viewpoint sees it
as originating from God; while the last
viewpoint interprets HIV infection as a
negotiated settlement between God and
Satan. The paper is intended to trigger
debate, and hopefully also to seek and
provide answers from various sectors of
society, and religious communities in
particular, in order to help other HIV
positive people in similar situations
better manage their HIV condition. |
Pdf 98 kb |
|
How African doctors make ends meet: an
exploration
|
This paper is an attempt to identify
individual coping strategies of doctors
in sub-Saharan Africa. It also provides
some indication of the ‘effectiveness’
of these strategies in terms of income
generation, and analyses their potential
impact on the functioning of the health
care system. It is based on
semi-structured interviews of 21 doctors
working in the public health sector in
sub-Saharan Africa and attending in 1995
an international Master’s course in
Public Health in Belgium or in Portugal. |
Pdf 271 kb |
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HOW
TO AVOID CONTRACTING A DISEASE FROM A
BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN |
Bloodborne pathogens are microscopic
organisms, which cause disease and are
found in and transmitted through human
blood. The most known Bloodborne
pathogens are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
HBV is a virus that causes the disease,
Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a serious
public health problem that affects
people of all ages in the United States
and around the world. Each year, more
than 300,000 persons get Hepatitis B in
the United States. The disease can lead
to severe illness, liver damage, and in
some cases, death. HCV is a virus that
causes the disease, Hepatitis C. This
virus is being identified more
frequently and there is no vaccination
at this time. HIV is a virus that
eventually develops into a disease
called Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDs). HIV is a relatively
recent public health problem that has
become increasingly more prominent among
people in the United States and around
the world. Approximately 750,000
Americans have AIDs. |
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Human Trafficking in Ohio |
This monograph is designed to provide
context about human trafficking in Ohio
to help inform and shape public
discourse and practical responses to it.
To do so, it systematically explores
human trafficking in terms of its
existence and characteristics and in
terms of how the criminal justice and
social service communities have
responded to it. The goal is to provide
policymakers and practitioners with
information to help improve their
efforts to protect and provide services
to victims and to bring perpetrators to
justice. This monograph will also be of
value to legislators and practitioners
in other states who are concerned about
this issue, as well as to researchers
who are seeking to better understand
human tracking and the social response
to it. |
Pdf 541 kb |
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Incarcerated Women, HIV/AIDS and
Hepatitis C: Challenges Inside the Walls
and Beyond |
There is no doubt or disagreement that
being an incarcerated woman with HIV/
AIDS and/or Hepatitis C is difficult.
But how is being an incarcerated woman
with these diseases different from being
a man in a similar situation? The
answer, say prison and jail healthcare
providers, advocates, and formerly
incarcerated women: many things are the
same, and a few are very different. |
Pdf 530 kb |
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Infectious disease control police,
prison officers, other workers in
correctional facilities and emergency
response workers |
This information bulletin provides
examples of several safe work practices
which could form the basis of more
detailed procedures to be adopted in
individual work situations or
incorporated into the work of high risk
professions such as the police, prison
officers and emergency response workers. |
Pdf 135 kb |
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Innovative Approaches to AIDS in Iran
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In this, the first program of the AIDS
in Asia Initiative at the Asia Society,
Dr. Kamiar Alaei, speaking for himself
and his brother Aresh, described the
extent to which drug use has ravaged
Iran and propelled the country into the
world of HIV/AIDS. Long a country known
for its gentle custom of smoking opium,
Iran has descended into a nation where
opium, heroin and morphine are
increasingly infiltrating most parts of
society. The growth of HIV/AIDS is
directly linked with the growth of
injected drug use. |
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As of 1 January 1995, information about
investigations of 64 health
care workers infected with HIV was
reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention; HIV test
results were available for
approximately 22 171 patients of 51 of
the 64 health care workers.
For 37 of the 51 workers, no
seropositive patients were
reported among 13 063 patients tested
for HIV. For the remaining 14
health care workers, 113 seropositive
patients were reported among
9108 patients. Epidemiologic and
laboratory follow-up did not
show any health care worker to have been
a source of HIV for any of
the patients tested. |
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Is the AIDS epidemic having an impact on
the coping behaviour and health status
of the elderly? Evidence from
Northwestern Tanzania |
This paper is based on a research
project entitled, “The economic impact
of fatal adult illness due to AIDS and
other causes in sub-Saharan Africa”,
sponsored by the World Bank, USAID and
Danida. We are grateful to UNAIDS—particularly
Anita Alban—for the financial support
for this paper, to Paurvi Bhatt, Deon
Filmer, Robert Hecht, John Knodel,
Sukhontha Kongsin and John Stover, for
comments on an earlier draft, and to
Anna Marie Marañon for expert assistance
in producing the paper with all of the
figures intact. Our use of the term
‘elderly’ in this paper to describe
adults over the age of 50 is purely for
convenience; we wish to affirm that none
of our friends, colleagues or
co-investigators over 50 could in any
way be described as elderly. The
findings, interpretations and
conclusions expressed in this paper are
those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the
World Bank or its members. |
Pdf 734 kb |
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It's
Time for Accidental Needle-Sticks to
Come Out of the Closet |
Accidental acupuncture needle-sticks can
happen in any practice format. As part
of a public health initiative to prevent
the spread of disease, we need to bring
needle-sticks "out of the closet," and
create a forum for discussing
precautions and procedures for dealing
with accidental exposure. Preventing
needle-sticks is an issue for all health
care workers, not only those who work
with high-risk populations; the threat
of transmitting infectious disease is
shared by all medical personnel.
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