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“The only thing necessary for these diseases to the triumph is for good people and governments to do nothing.”

Religion & Diseases

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Influence of the Church in Bringing About Change "Ignorance, stigmatisation and discrimination have long characterised the attitude of both church and government toward HIV-positive persons and AIDS patients," says Rev Angela Veii, Co-ordinator of Lutheran Unity in Namibia.  

Information from Christian Aid: HIV/AIDS

Faced with cutbacks health and education spending, civil society has taken the strain.  With their highly organized grassroots networks, churches and faith-based organizations are in an excellent position to increase HIV awareness and provide care and support to those who are ill, as well as to children orphaned by AIDS.

114 kb pdf

“Is the Church HIV Positive? Building the Political Will to Remove Barriers and Restore Dignity” Some may argue that at no time has there been more recognition, and support generated towards the eradication of HIV and AIDS, nonetheless we must recognize that still our collective response is woefully insufficient when it comes to justice, mercy, or humility. Still, the HIV and AIDS pandemic remains an enormous challenge today for all of us. Our global family remains conflicted, often divided on theological and moral ground differences. Muslims, many Latin American countries, the Vatican, and the United States under the influence of the religious right struggle with specific commitments to high risk groups, sexual practices, and gender equality. Empowerment of women, detailed language on HIV prevention, and explicit references to male and female condom use often stop the potential for dialogue before it can even commence. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan accused a number of countries of “putting their heads in the sand” and failing to deal with the global realities of HIV and AIDS. My point here is not to pick on the Religious Right. The so-called progressive left is hardly itself A Model of Christian Charity.  

Islam, Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS

(Large file-please allow extra time for download)

The Islamic teachings have left great traditions for equitable and gentle dealings and behavior, and inspire people with nobility and tolerance.  These are human teachings of the highest order and at the same time practicable.  These teachings brought into existence a society in which hard-heartedness and collective oppression and injustice were the least as compared with all other societies preceding it

2953 kb pdf

Islam, Irigaray, and the retrieval of gender The Prophet said that women totally dominate men of intellect and possessors of hearts. But ignorant men dominate women, for they are shackled by an animal ferocity. They have no kindness, gentleness or love, since animality dominates their nature. Love and kindness are human attributes; anger and sensuality belong to the animals. She is the radiance of God, she is not your beloved. She is a creator - you could say that she is not created. - Jalal al-Din Rumi  
ISLAMIC MEDICAL ETHICS: The IMANA Perspective Islam considers access to health care as a fundamental right of the individual. In medicine, there are sometimes difficult decision-making options for the patient’s care. Thus, a physician at times has to decide for his /her patient in light of available knowledge, his/her experience, his/her peers and consensus of the community. In addition, a Muslim physician derives his /her conclusion from rules of Islamic laws (Shari`ah) and Islamic medical ethics. The first main principle of Islamic Medicine is theemphasis on the sanctity of human life which derives from al-Qur’an Pdf 102 kb
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC'S SEX SCANDAL A measure of Islamic fundamentalists' success in controlling society is the depth and totality with which they suppress the freedom and rights of women. In Iran for 25 years, the ruling mullahs have enforced humiliating and sadistic rules and punishments on women and girls, enslaving them in a gender apartheid system of segregation, forced veiling, second-class status, lashing and stoning to death.  
Inter-Faith Declaration Opposes Discrimination Against People with HIV/AIDS
Churches and faith communities have declared their
 opposition to discrimination against people with 
HIV/AIDS. A joint inter-faith declaration adopted at the 
end of the 15th International AIDS Conference, which 
was held from 11 to 16 July in Bangkok, Thailand, 
contained contributions from Christians, Jews, Muslims, 
Buddhists and Hindus. It was drafted with support of the 
Ecumenical Advocacy Alliance (EAA).
 
Interfaith: Religious & Spiritual Groups Listing of various interfaith groups that can be accessed by the net  
Jerry Falwell Quotes from Jerry Falwell  

Jewish Theological and Ethical Reflections on AIDS

One other thing should be mentioned about the Jewish approach to medicine. While segments of Christianity see pain as salvational, basing themselves on the suffering of Jesus on the Cross, Judaism does not have any such doctrine. On the contrary, illness is seen as inherently demeaning, and so we must do all we can to prevent it. When somebody does fall ill, we must reassure the patient of his/her ongoing divine value despite any disability occasioned by the disease

 

Like other Muslim cultures with strictures against promiscuity and drug use, Egyptians have been slow to admit to a problem

A quarter-century after the AIDS virus began its grim march across the world and nearly 20 years after discovering its first AIDS patient, the Egyptian government has begun to offer anonymous HIV testing. ..It's not doing so because of an alarming rise in the number of people infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Egypt and other Middle Eastern nations have some of the lowest recorded HIV rates in the world, which political and religious leaders attribute to their traditional condemnation of promiscuity, drug use and other practices that help spread blood-borne infections like HIV.  
Message of Hope There is a very big manifestation of energy going on in today’s society.... it is focused around "hate" in all of society. Hate through media, hate through sports, hate through comedy, hate through stupid acts of violence, hate through culture movements and hate through bad mouthing and making stupid racist comments... society has taken a stupid pill... and they are about to overdose.... this is the tipping point about to take place... all we know today.... is about to shatter in our faces.   
Morality of Premarital Sex by Religiosity and Generation Premarital sex is an issue that most teenagers and young couples face as they enter new phases of their relationship.  The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between acceptance of sexual relations before marriage and religiosity or generation.  This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of the variables PREMARSX, RELPERSN, and COHORT (which was recoded into three generation categories), which were extracted from the 1998 General Social Survey (GSS).  Data analysis of the three variables was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 10.0, applying Pearson's chi-square as the test of statistical significance and Cramer's V as the measure of association.  The results of this study indicate that very religious people are more inclined to view premarital sexual relations as always wrong.  When compared to the three generation categories, no significant correlation existed.  
Muslim Women Preachers Plot Strategy on HIV/AIDS
Enlisting the support of Muslim leaders is backed by 
the Indonesian government. "By taking the initiative 
to fight HIV/AIDS, it is our hope that women can make 
a difference in this patriarchal society," State Minister 
for Women's Empowerment Sri Redjeki Sumaryoto 
told the seminar
 

Muslims and HIV/AIDS

I believe that we can establish a modality in which Muslims can engage in the struggle to rid the world of the scourge of AIDS, while maintaining their religious and moral world view, and not compromise their religious beliefs.

 

Muslims, Islam, and AIDS The spread of HIV/AIDS within families brings up an interesting concern with addressing inconsistencies between intent and experience within the family: How do certain family structures create greater vulnerability? The first part of this presentation will look at an interesting paradox: the family, that institution through which human beings expect and receive their greatest nurturing, is the same institution that can create the greatest vulnerabilities in the spread of HIV/AIDS for women and children. When the structure of family itself causes vulnerability, critical examination is even more in order to construct ways that civil society can empower family members to challenge the abuses that occur within families. However, some see the very idea of challenging “family” as a disruption in social well being. Ultimately my question is: How can families empower all members equally despite vulnerability due to age or gender.  
Poverty, HIV and AIDS – the challenge to the Church in the new millennium

Let’s consider the reality we face in a different way:  An estimated total of 55 million people died during World War II:

1.             25 million military personnel

2.             25 million civilians

3.             5 million Jews

If we knew today that World War II would start next week or next year, what would we do to prevent the slaughter of millions of people?
 

Prevention Ministry

In 1989 a group of HIV positive men approached Sr. Anne to begin a spiritual support group for them because they were being rejected by local clergy. So she did -- at St. Joseph's hospital. As both proclamations put it, Sr. Anne began "ministering to a group of young men literally exiled from their community and alienated from families, churches, and society because they were infected with the HIV virus."

 

Ranting at the Apocalypse

The apocalyptic message of the religious right is that homosexuality and other "deviant" behavior must be cleansed from our society in order for the Kingdom of God to occur. On the other hand, the Kingdom must be preceded by an apocalypse, so sinful behaviors and their resultant earthly punishments (e.g. AIDS) must precede the "End."

 

Religion and HIV

There is a growing momentum for churches to become involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Essentially they have no choice as increasing numbers congregants or their loved ones die and nowadays, according to one pastor, "you see more people at the cemeteries than at the soccer stadiums."

 

RELIGION-AFRICA: Integrating HIV/AIDS in Theological Curriculum

The church has been charged with responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Instead of standing with those who are living with HIV/AIDS, the church responded by associating the disease with a punishment from God. This added to the stigma, as it became increasingly held that those living with HIV/AIDS had somehow brought it upon themselves.

 

 
RELIGION AND HIV/AIDS Religion has always been part of social life in Asia and the Pacific. The region is the birthplace of such world religions as Hinduism and Buddhism as well as many other smaller but significant religions, from Sikhism to Shinto. At the same time, the region has often been tolerant, welcoming religions from outside. Today, Asia includes the largest Islamic countries in the world — Indonesia, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Besides Islam, Christianity has also flourished in many countries in the region, to name a few, the Philippines, South Korea and the Pacific island nations. Pdf 465 kb

Religion and HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

 
As the HIV/AIDS crisis has spread throughout the world, HIV rates among Christian populations have remained significantly higher than among Muslim populations. This trend can be seen through the example of Nigeria, a state known for conflict between Muslim and Christian populations. With an HIV positive population of over 3 million, Nigeria has the second highest burden of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa.1 Within Nigeria, the highest prevalence rates are found in Christian areas of the country, such as Benue where 10% of the population is HIV positive. All of the states with an HIV prevalence rate above 6% are in the Christian area of the country.2 The prevalence rates within Muslim states, on the other hand, generally fall between 2-4%.  

Religions rise to Aids challenge

The role of religion in combating HIV/Aids can be a controversial one. Orthodox thinkers in most major faiths have, in the past, denounced those who fall ill with the virus that causes Aids, suggesting their fate is divine punishment for immoral behaviour - but no longer.

 

Religion’s Role in the Expansion of AIDS

Many humans understand the world via religion and religious morality, and they are raised and educated accordingly. In Islamic countries, this story is a sadder one. That is where many girls have to wear the Islamic hijab from childhood and Islamic moralities shape their lives in many ways. One of the most important of these “morals” is antagonism toward sex and sexual relations. The reality that many humans, all over the world, live with the superstitious belief that “sex before marriage” is non-acceptable and generally have a hostile attitude to sexuality is a crime of religion that one could write a great deal about. But when it comes to AIDS, this and other religious moral prove deadly and play a direct role in humans’ deaths.  
RELIGIOSITY AND ATTITUDES ON INTIMACY Implications for the HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Central Uganda In the prevailing scholarship, especially in the west, religion is accorded little power as a source of social change. In the developing world, however, this is not the case. The potential influence of religion is still recognized and appreciated. In 1962, Reinhard (1962) maintained that Weber’s idealistic interpretation of religion was reasserting itself and that we had to seriously consider religion in our nations’ policy packages for social change and development. His discovery is no less true today than it was then. Religion has once again become a major layer in public policy and today’s power plays are greatly influenced by religious ideology. The major hypothesis of this paper is that there is a negative correlation between religiosity and premarital sexual permissiveness. This religiosity, however, is not solely based upon one’s religious membership and/or on the frequency of one’s church attendance. It has far greater impact on the daily lives of the people in Uganda. Pdf 268 kb
Religious belief could be harnessed to better fight HIV/AIDS, says study Prevention strategies for the spread of HIV/AIDS should harness religious belief and practice, especially in societies such as Guyana where religious affiliation remains strong," wrote the study's authors in an article published in the March 2007 issue of the International Journal of STD and AIDS. Pdf 12 kb
Religious constraints on reporting HIV/AIDS in Nigeria In virtually every society, religion wields a powerful and tremendous influence in the lives of the populace. Many of the rules and regulations that guide and determine the laws of the land and shape ideologies and life styles emanate from prevalent religious beliefs and practices. This is especially true of Nigeria, where religion has become a dominant part of the people’s social life.  

Religious Involvement, Coping, Social Support, and Psychological Distress in HIV-Seropositive African American Mothers

 

This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the role of religious involvement within a stress-process framework. Participants were 252 urban, low-income HIV-seropositive African American mothers. The relationships among religious involvement, stress, coping responses, social support, and psychological distress were examined using structural equation modeling. The number of stressors reported by the mother was related to greater religious involvement, which in turn was negatively related to psychological distress. Furthermore, the results suggest that social support, active coping, and avoidant coping responses mediated the relationship between religious involvement and psychological distress. According to the present results, interventions to attenuate psychological distress in HIV-seropositive African American mothers might focus on increasing social support, promoting active coping, and decreasing avoidant coping. The present findings suggest that this may be accomplished, in part, by promoting involvement in religious institutions and practices. However, in light of the cross-sectional design used in the present study, and given that religion may have both positive and negative consequences further research is needed to determine the extent to which promoting religiosity may increase or alleviate distress  

Religious Leaders

As religious people there is a call to respond with love to everyone, especially those who are suffering.  People living with HIV/AIDS have many physical, emotional and spiritual needs.  However, PWAs are frequently afraid to approach their religious leaders for fear of facing condemnation, rejection and judgment, with the result that many lack the spiritual care and support they need and deserve

410 kb pdf

Response of religious groups to HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted infection in Trinidad

HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are significant determinants of HIV transmission in the Caribbean island nation of Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), where the adult HIV/AIDS prevalence is 2.5%. T&T is a spiritually-aware society and over 104 religious groups are represented. This religious diversity creates a complex social environment for the transmission of a sexually transmitted infection like HIV/AIDS. Religious leaders are esteemed in T&T's society and may use their position and frequent interactions with the public to promote HIV/AIDS awareness, fight stigma and discrimination, and exercise compassion for people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Some religious groups have initiated HIV/AIDS education programs within their membership, but previous studies suggest that HIV/AIDS remains a stigmatized infection in many religious organizations. The present study investigates how the perception of HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted infection impacts religious representatives' incentives to respond to HIV/AIDS in their congregations and communities. In correlation, the study explores how the experiences of PWHA in religious gatherings impact healing and coping with HIV/AIDS.  
Responses of the Faith-Based Organisations In the era of HIV/AIDS, FBOs have been the recipients of many accusations: of being a ‘sleeping giant’; of promoting stigmatising and discriminating attitudes based on fear and prejudice; of pronouncing harsh moral judgments on those infected; of obstructing the efforts of the secular world in the area of prevention; and of reducing the issues of AIDS to simplistic moral pronouncements, that have not made Churches or Mosques places of refuge and solace, but places of exclusion to all those “out there” who are but 'suffering the consequences of their own moral debauchery and sin.'’ Pdf 473 kb
Satan Triumphant: The Black Death Imagine, that a mere five days after having read this that all of your best friends have succumbed to an illness which cannot be explained. Imagine also, that all the residents who live on your street have died under similar circumstances in the same amount of time. If you can conceive of such a dreaded act occurring within your experience than you may have some glimpse into the mindset of the mid-14th century European who was unfortunate enough to have experienced the BLACK DEATH.  

Scaling Up Effective Partnerships

(Large report-increase download time)
A guide to working with faith-based organizations in the response to HIV and AIDS Pdf 1800 kb
Seizing Tomorrow However, on the positive side, the church is beginning to respond to this crisis in a mature and responsible manner. Although the church got a slow start in its response to the HIV/AIDS crisis in West Africa, I believe it is the church, church-related organizations and individual Christians who are leading the way in the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This crisis has forced the church to think and act and do things differently than before Pdf 215 kb

Sermon Ideas

As people of faith we believe that it is just to fight against discrimination, to fight for a just sharing of resources so that all people wherever they happen to live on this globe have the same access to prevention, care and treatment. This conviction should also give us the courage to stand up and persistently approach those who oppose just solutions, whether in the churches, the industry or the government.

 

Sex, Drugs, HIV/Aids And Religion

This paper provides a basic presentation of facts about HIV prevalence, transmission principles, prevention strategies and issues. The second part begins to explore the relationship between HIV/AIDS, homosexuality and religion

 

Sexual Attitudes and Abstinence Among Christian Youth

This section and the next examines what youth say about five sexual behaviors at various stages of a relationship: the first date when the couple are strangers, the dating stage, the going together stage, the "in love" stage, and the planning to be married stage.  Inasmuch as possible, each stage is examined separately except when the statistical assumptions were violated.  In this case, categories were collapsed in logical ways.  Percentages that are bold-faced signify that that particular percentage was statistically different from chance, as revealed by an analysis of standardized residuals.  Finally, it should be noted that the construction of the survey question forced respondents to select the one sexual behavior that represented the limit of their sexual expression at each stage of relationship  
Sexual Attitudes and Abstinence Among Christian Youth This section and the next examines what youth say about five sexual behaviors at various stages of a relationship: the first date when the couple are strangers, the dating stage, the going together stage, the "in love" stage, and the planning to be married stage.  Inasmuch as possible, each stage is examined separately except when the statistical assumptions were violated.  In this case, categories were collapsed in logical ways.  Percentages that are bold-faced signify that that particular percentage was statistically different from chance, as revealed by an analysis of standardized residuals.  Finally, it should be noted that the construction of the survey question forced respondents to select the one sexual behavior that represented the limit of their sexual expression at each stage of relationship.  Because of this limitation, there is not a direct way to compare their attitude against their behavior  
Sexual Attitudes and Abstinence Among Christian Youth Part 1 I wish I had an answer to this dilemma.  For Christian families, public school options that teach comprehensive sex education will not be satisfactory since it will include information on masturbation, contraception and homosexuality.  For other Christian families, the favored abstinence program will fall short if contraception is not included since a significant portion of the teens will become sexually active.  Further, many programs will fail to show how many precoital sexual behaviors in addition to sexual intercourse carry the risk of STDs.  I am firmly persuaded that Christian parents must not cease trying to be salt and light to people in their community, and this includes speaking out for an appropriate. age-graded sex education curriculum.  On the other hand, parents must accept primary responsibility for educating their children about sexuality.  This should begin when the infant is in the cradle, when she cannot understand a word being said.   
Sexual Attitudes and Abstinence Among Christian Youth Part 2 I made a disturbing claim: the message that the Church preaches on sex fails to affect a significant proportion of the Church's young people.  This is due in part to the nature of the message in that youth are asked to make ethical choices based on legalistic rules rather than sound Biblical principles that by necessity must include the concept of the one-flesh union.  The prohibition of premarital intercourse, when followed, fails to provide any help on deciding exactly what behaviors are appropriate at various levels of intimacy.  This leads to youth testing the limits of the prohibition rule by any means imaginable to the point that oral sex (and most other sexual expressions) become permissible, at least in later stages of intimacy (however vaguely defined).  The impotence of the Church can also be traced to the strong societal influences that affect youth, such as the media, peer pressure, and relaxed values and morality  
Sexuality and Public Policy While there are obvious civil liberty issues concerning social and governmental oversight of personal sexual behavior, human sexuality is in fact an activity which is highly regulated by society through custom, religion and legislation.  Even those who adopt a libertarian attitude toward sexuality tend to respect modern social prohibitions regarding certain behaviors, e.g. incest, rape, and sex involving children.   By contrast, historically some these practices have been tolerated to varying degrees in certain cultures while many other practices currently considered acceptable have been prohibited.  In general, prevailing sexual behaviors are consistent with and governed by prevailing social attitudes. (Report contains several graphs and charts concerning sexual behavior)  
Sexuality, sin and disease - Theological and Ethical Issues Posed by HIV/AIDS to the Churches I offer these reflections to the theological discussion on AIDS from the perspective of a physician specializing in immunology. As a Christian - though not a formal theologian - I hope my comments will contribute to the understanding of this pandemic and suggest some ways those of us in the churches can approach it. I will concentrate on the medical but also psychological aspects of the problem, for these are an important factor in how the problem of AIDS is perceived, and in our reactions to it. I will also explore the themes of sin and guilt in relation to AIDS.  

Some Theological and Ethical Reflections on AIDS

"Who can separate us from the love of Christ? ... I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor rulers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord (Rom. 8:35a, 3839, NRSVB). 

Isn't it a paradox. The one writer in the bible who has most fervently been used to fan the flames of homophobia and assisted the church in its repression of gays and lesbians, is the same writer who gives us the words quoted above, words which ought to be recited at every AIDS Christian healing service, at every AIDS interfaith conference, at every Christian funeral or memorial service for one who has died of AIDS related complications

 

Spiritually Rooted Diseases Behind every health issue and every emotional or spiritual problem resides the "Spirit of Fear." The Spirit of Fear is the Devil's faith working in people by using lies to control them. And if we dwell on those lies long enough, we will begin to believe them, thus resulting in responding to them which can lead to all kinds of problems. We need to discover the root behind our problems.  

STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

Stigma is as old as history. While the word dates back to ancient Greek times and refers to the physical mark made by fire or with knives on individuals or groups considered outsiders or inferiors, the concept appears universal. In different cultures and at different times, slaves, criminals and adulterers – or those suspected of being slaves, criminals and adulterers – have been branded or otherwise physically marked.

 

Stigma and Religion: An Inevitable Partnership?
"Stigma almost killed me" related one delegate who had been 
ostracized from her church because of her HIV status. Her 
statement underlined the continuing damage of HIV-related 
stigma, and the role of religious leaders in reducing 
discrimination
 

The African Religious Leaders Assembly on Children and HIV/AIDS – Africa

Participants, who were chosen to ensure religious, geographic, and gender diversity, sought concrete support from the G8 leaders convening in late June in Kananaskis, Canada. They also organised the delivery of a plan of action to combat stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, as well as the role of faith-based groups in context of Global Trust Fund implementation strategy.

 

THE ABC Disaster Since the introduction of ABC there has been scepticism, but almost of an apologetic sort. What could be heard was that abstinence is "of course" the ideal but since the reality is different, the messages should be targeting sexually active people. All couples being faithful is "of course" what we all would like to see, but since the reality is different, we need to talk a lot about condoms. Over the years, the A and B of the ABC tend to get a lot more emphasis than the C (clearly reflected in the materials and manuals where condoms feature on the last one or two pages of the teachers' guide). Something else also happened in the process: a whole generation of teachers, counsellors, and others involved in educating young people, who themselves enjoyed an at that time unprecedented sexual freedom in their adolescent years, are preaching abstinence without even confronting their own history, desires and practices within what they preach  
THE AIDS CRISIS IN AMERICA AND THE RESPONSE OF THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY: THE CHALLENGE AND THE CHARGE A disease which was earlier identified with gay White males, now afflicts the heterosexual Black community with a vengeance. Unfortunately, with few exceptions, the American religious community has failed to speak out on this critical issue. The Black Church and African American Muslims have been virtually silent, reticent in the face of an epidemic that threatens to annihilate a generation of black people

 

The Black Death I say, then, that the years of the fruitful Incarnation of the Son of God had attained to the number of one thousand three hundred and forty-eight, when into the notable city of Florence, fair over every other of Italy, there came to death-dealing pestilence, which, through the operation of the heavenly bodies or of our own iniquitous doings, being sent down upon mankind for our correction by the just wrath of God, had some years before appeared in the parts of the East and after having bereft these latter of an innumerable number of inhabitants, extending without cease from one place to another, had now unhappily spread towards the West.  
The Canadian Church and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic "We [Canadian Christians] could have been a leader," she says, in the struggle against the pandemic that has killed millions. "I don't know why we allow other issues to supersede our compassion. But we do."  

The Impact of Faith-based organizations

Faith Based Organizations often have a direct impact on social institutions, such as schools, which socialize people and change values over time.  In addition, their jurisdiction often includes a number of areas closely connected to HIV/AIDS, such as morality, beliefs about the spiritual bases of disease, and rules of family life and sexual activity.